Cambridge A Level General Paper (AS Level only) 8001 — 2011 Oct/Nov Paper 2 · Variant 1

This document consists of 10 printed pages and 2 blank pages and 1 Insert. DC (LEO) 31263/3 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level * 7 7 4 7 7 9 3 5 5 3 * GENERAL PAPER 8001/21 Paper 2 October/November 2011 1 hour 30 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Insert READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the boxes above. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer one question. The total time of 1 hour 30 minutes includes time for you to study the questions before you begin your answer. You may make notes during this time if you wish. Up to 15 marks will be given for the quality and accuracy of your English throughout this paper. Dictionaries are not permitted. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For Examiner’s Use 1 2 3 Total

2 8001/21/O/N/11 © UCLES 2011 For Examiner’s Use 1 Study Passage 1 in the Insert to answer the following questions (a) – (d). (a) You are the Manager of Inter-Islands Stores. Draw up a report for the Directors explaining whether, after further consultation, you would or would not recommend the setting up of car wash facilities in the car park of their supermarket. You should take into account some of the points made on both sides of the argument by people such as Denno and Ebba. Answer in about 150 words. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …[12]

3 8001/21/O/N/11 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (b) You are one of the unemployed, unskilled labour force in the area. How keen would you be to become a washboy at Inter-Islands Stores? Base your response on the conversation between Denno and Ebba. You may, if you wish, introduce any supplementary material of your own that you think appropriate. Answer in about 80 words. … … … … … … … … … …[8] (c) Briefly indicate what each of the following tells us about the personality of either Denno or Ebba as they argue about washboys. (i) ‘All?’ Denno (line 8) … … (ii) ‘Isn’t that just typical!’ Denno (line 29) … … (iii) ‘They’d fall to bits if washed.’ Denno (lines 48–49) … … (iv) ‘That’s a good point!’ Ebba (line 54) … … (v) ‘The Boss would never employ anyone … convicted of theft.’ Ebba (line 61) … … [10]

4 8001/21/O/N/11 © UCLES 2011 For Examiner’s Use (d) Select any comment or question from the conversation between Denno and Ebba that seems to be totally irrelevant to the debate on the merits or otherwise of car wash facilities at the Inter-Islands Stores’ car park. Justify your choice in about 50 words. … … … … … … …[5] Note: Up to an additional 15 marks will be available for use of English.

5 8001/21/O/N/11 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use 2 Study Passage 2 in the Insert to answer the following questions (a – d). Note: When a question asks for an answer IN YOUR OWN WORDS and you select the appropriate material from the passage for your answer, you must still use your own words to express it. Little credit can be given to answers which only copy words or phrases from the passage. (a) On the basis of the data provided, write an article for a national newspaper portraying Ryanol as a prosperous city that is well worth visiting. Answer in about 100 words using your own words as far as possible. … … … … … … … … … … … …[10]

6 8001/21/O/N/11 © UCLES 2011 For Examiner’s Use (b) On the basis of the data provided, write an article for a national newspaper portraying Ryanol as a run-down city that is not worth a visit. Answer in about 100 words using your own words as far as possible. … … … … … … … … … … … …[10] (c) Of the sixty visitors to the Exchange Street Shopping Complex, only fifteen stated that they would be there the day after the survey. Referring to some of the supplementary information and to your own awareness of shopping habits, explain why such a response to the second question was not surprising. Answer in about 100 words using your own words as far as possible. … … … … … … … … … … … …[10]

7 8001/21/O/N/11 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (d) Briefly identify from the supplementary information: (i) three kinds of people who were likely to have had ‘other reasons’ to be at the bottom of Exchange Street during the survey; … … … (ii) an activity that might have taken place on the Wednesday in question but not from midday onwards; … … (iii) a fact that suggests that not everyone who ate and drank out in the city centre had left school. … [5] Note: Up to an additional 15 marks will be available for use of English.

8 8001/21/O/N/11 © UCLES 2011 For Examiner’s Use 3 Study Passage 3 in the Insert to answer the following questions (a – d). Note: When a question asks for an answer IN YOUR OWN WORDS and you select the appropriate material from the passage for your answer, you must still use your own words to express it. Little credit can be given to answers which only copy words or phrases from the passage. (a) In about 50 of your own words, explain why it has been thought necessary to design a gravity tractor. … … … … … … …[5] (b) Apart from cost, how practical do you consider the project involving a gravity tractor as a solution to the problems posed by asteroids? Answer in about 100 of your own words. … … … … … … … … … … … …[10]

9 8001/21/O/N/11 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (c) To what extent is the word ‘tractor’ an accurate description of the spacecraft invented by EADS Astrium? Answer in about 80 of your own words. … … … … … … … … … …[8] (d) (i) Explain the meaning of the following words as they are used in the passage. You may write the answer in one word or a short phrase: intercept (line 5); … trajectory (line 8); … triggering (line 20); … exploits (line 31); … nudge (line 35); … currently (line 49). … [6]

10 8001/21/O/N/11 © UCLES 2011 For Examiner’s Use (ii) Use these words in six separate sentences to illustrate their meanings as used in the passage. Your sentences should not deal with the subject matter of the passage. … … … … … … … … … … … …[6] Note: Up to an additional 15 marks will be available for use of English.

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12 8001/21/O/N/11 © UCLES 2011 BLANK PAGE Copyright Acknowledgements: Question 3 © Richard Gray; Scientists Design Spacecraft to Save Earth ; Daily Telegraph; 29 August 2009; http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/space; 10 October 2009. Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS GCE Advanced Subsidiary Level MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2011 question paper for the guidance of teachers 8001 GENERAL PAPER 8001/21 Paper 2, maximum raw mark 50 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • Cambridge will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2011 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses.

Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper GCE AS LEVEL – October/November 2011 8001 21 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 1 (a) A purely commercial decision that is being reached over whether or not it is in the best interests of Inter-Islands Stores to lay on car wash facilities. Hence, one should discount such concerns as poor pay or uncongenial working conditions since these are only appropriate in an answer to Question 1 (b). (On the other hand, candidates are at liberty to introduce material of their own, as long as it is relevant, though they do not have to.) Below are some of the reasons that may be given to support a decision one way or the other. Credit any others that seem appropriate. FOR • Need to generate income and, in particular, • compete with Healthy Foods • through offering enticements to Inter-Islands Stores customers. • Cachet from offering work to the local unemployed. • Unreliability of Green Auto Services automatic car wash. • No other car wash in town. • Domestic water supply not constant but good at supermarket. • Shoppers take 45 minutes over purchases at Inter-Islands Stores • whereas a car can be washed in 20 minutes. • Some shoppers will not return to car park until they have been in town. • Some proud owners of their cars will always want them washed. • Even ancient or dilapidated cars can profit from a wash. • Washboys could prevent car crime and improve the image of the car park. AGAINST • Workforce will be unskilled initially & therefore will need training/make mistakes. • If there are too many washboys, when there is little demand, they will be idle and, hence, unprofitable. • If there are too few washboys, when there is great demand, customers will be upset if kept waiting. • Washboys will be of no use during the rainy season. • Not all the experienced washboys will return after having been laid off. • No-one will want a car cleaned during the dusty hot season. • During a period of economic hardship, people won’t be prepared to pay for a car wash. • Owners of ancient or dilapidated cars are unlikely to use the facility. • It will be impossible to vet some applicants for the job of washboy. • Some poverty-stricken washboys could steal from the cars in the car park. Mark on impression but, in assessing the answer, award: 11–12 for a relevant and balanced argument that appreciates and explores at least four major considerations before reaching a definite conclusion in about 150 words 8–10 when one of the above criteria has not been satisfied 5–7 when two of the above criteria have not been satisfied 3–4 when the answer is badly flawed but contains some worthwhile material 1–2 when there is little merit in the answer 0 when there is no merit in the answer. Any relevant content well above 150 words should be totally disregarded. Examiners should draw a double horizontal line in the margin where the response goes out of control. Too short an answer means that content will be inadequate. [12]

Page 3 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper GCE AS LEVEL – October/November 2011 8001 21 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 (b) Candidates may be extremely keen, lukewarm or hostile in their assessment of work prospects as a washboy but are expected to elaborate on the conversation between Denno & Ebba. They may, but do not have to, introduce material of their own. This should receive credit if relevant. FOR • Appeal of any kind of work after prolonged unemployment. • Appeal of any kind of income after little or none. • Pressure to work if dependants have to be provided for. • Assumption that it would be fairly easy to learn how to do the job. • Comfort/reassurance from knowing that every applicant has been out of work. AGAINST • Lack of relevant experience. • Hard working conditions for poor pay. • Work not guaranteed throughout the year. • Could be frustrated, at a loose end, when customers are few and far between or • overworked & harassed when they were all clamouring for attention. • Could be falsely accused of car theft or forced to associate with criminals. Mark on impression but, in assessing the answer, award 8 for a relevant, personal, imaginative and cogent response that appreciates and explores at least three major considerations in about 80 words 6–7 when one of the above criteria has not been satisfied 4–5 when two of the above criteria have not been satisfied 2–3 when the answer is badly flawed but contains some worthwhile material 1 when there is little merit in the answer 0 when there is no merit in the answer. Any relevant content well above 80 words should be totally disregarded. Examiners should draw a double horizontal line in the margin where the response goes out of control. Too short an answer means that content will be inadequate. [8] (c) (i) Denno is sharp witted & sarcastic. Likes scoring off Ebba. Thinks s/he is smart. S/he will challenge anything. (ii) Denno is cynical. Prides her/himself on decisiveness/transparency. Has a jaundiced view of Top Management. (iii) Denno is prone to exaggerate to win an argument. Contemptuous of less affluent customers. S/he tries to be funny but isn’t. (iv) Ebba is slow on the uptake. Does not see when s/he is being led up the garden path. S/he is trying to keep up with Denno. S/he is now inclined to support the SMT. (v) Ebba is pompous/naïve. Has not thought through what s/he is claiming. Once again, s/he is now on the side of the SMT. In each case, award 2 marks for a crisp, perceptive gloss on the text. Award 1 mark for anything proceeding on the right lines. Credit any other valid points. [5 x 2 = 10]

Page 4 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper GCE AS LEVEL – October/November 2011 8001 21 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 (d) The most obvious contenders for irrelevance are: • ‘Incidentally, have you noticed that black has come back as the most popular colour? • ‘Just like cars looked in the 1950s.’ A case could also be made for: • ‘You were a long time. Got the sack?’ • ‘Fancy dress on the checkouts? Free newspaper if you spend a fortune on groceries?’ Assess the quality of each response, bearing the following in mind: • perspective (viability of car wash facilities in the car park) • insight (why the comment or question has no bearing on the decision) (3) • forcefulness of argument • structure • fluency (2). Any relevant content well above 50 words should be totally disregarded. Examiners should draw a double horizontal line in the margin where the response goes out of control. Too short an answer means that content will be inadequate. [5] 2 (a) Credit the material below or any other valid points. • As many as 120/150 (A + B + C) of those questioned could have been working in the city on the day of the survey. • Reference is made to a fair range of prestigious or major work places in the neighbourhood of Exchange Street (Central Court of Justice, banks, Passport Office, diamond trade outlets, department stores). Presumably, there could have been many others that have not been named. • If Ryanol were not prosperous, there would be no expensive restaurants while reference might have been made to the permanent closure of some of the department stores. These are bound to sell some upmarket goods. • Tourists still come to Ryanol, which has a fair number of attractions (6, 12, 20) despite nondescript buildings. Ryanol Renegades would generate much wealth while anyone exploiting the ‘Ryanol Beat’ connection might be doing very well. Mark on impression but, in assessing the answer, award 9–10 for a relevant, and persuasive argument that explores at least three major considerations in an appropriate style (tabloid or broadsheet) and in about 100 words 7–8 when one of the above criteria has not been satisfied 5–6 when two of the above criteria have not been satisfied 3–4 when the answer is badly flawed but contains some worthwhile material 1–2 when there is little merit in the answer 0 when there is no merit in the answer. [10]

Page 5 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper GCE AS LEVEL – October/November 2011 8001 21 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 (b) Credit the material below or any other valid points. • Fewer than 60/150 (not all of A & B) of those questioned could have been working in the city on the day of the survey. • Those working in the Central Court of Justice, banks, Passport Office, diamond outlets, department stores, on the buses and at the football ground represent a tiny proportion of the population of 225,000. • Ryanol may still market diamonds but seems to have little else by way of trade. • There will certainly be a large number of one-time industrial workers who have lost their jobs. Some of these will have to be content with casual labour. • Crime is a serious problem (8). • Why mention cheap cafes (9) if most of the people in the city centre are affluent? • Not well worth visiting if it has little architectural merit (1). • The parking charges (19) may also be a deterrent. Mark on impression but, in assessing the answer, award 9–10 for a relevant, and persuasive argument that explores at least three major considerations in an appropriate style (tabloid or broadsheet) and in about 100 words 7–8 when one of the above criteria has not been satisfied 5–6 when two of the above criteria have not been satisfied 3–4 when the answer is badly flawed but contains some worthwhile material 1–2 when there is little merit in the answer 0 when there is no merit in the answer. [10] (a) & (b) Any relevant content well above 100 words should be totally disregarded. Examiners should draw a double horizontal line in the margin where the response goes out of control. Too short an answer means that content will be inadequate.

Page 6 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper GCE AS LEVEL – October/November 2011 8001 21 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 (c) Credit the material below or any other valid points. • Many people who lived outside the city centre would do their ordinary shopping elsewhere and, therefore, would be unlikely to visit the department stores on a day-to- day basis. • Moreover, they could spend the whole of Wednesday in the Exchange Street Shopping Complex but would find some shops shut in the afternoon of Thursday. • Price reductions on a Wednesday would be a positive incentive lacking on other weekdays. • On this particular Wednesday, parents, teachers and pupils might have been doing some last-minute shopping before the start of term. • Some might have wanted to make the most of city centre shopping before the cost of parking increased. • Some, at least, might be visiting the Centre on that Wednesday on their way to or from the Stamp Fair. Mark on impression but, in assessing the answer, award 9–10 for a relevant, and perceptive argument that explores at least three major considerations in an orderly fashion and in about 100 words 7–8 when one of the above criteria has not been satisfied 5–6 when two of the above criteria have not been satisfied 3–4 when the answer is badly flawed but contains some worthwhile material 1–2 when there is little merit in the answer 0 when there is no merit in the answer. [10] Any relevant content well above 100 words should be totally disregarded. Examiners should draw a double horizontal line in the margin where the response goes out of control. Too short an answer means that content will be inadequate. [10] (d) (i) Credit any three: The unemployed merely passing the time of day. Criminals loitering to pick pockets. Those on their way to or from the Stamp Dealers’ Fair. Non-professionals going to or from the law courts. People going to or coming from shops or cafes elsewhere in the city centre (3) (ii) The recruiting of casual labour in a park next to Exchange Street. (1) (iii) A couple of music stores with cafes catering particularly for teenagers. (1) [5] 3 (a) Credit any five of the following points or any other relevant material. • There are many thousands of huge asteroids circling close to our planet • that could crash into it • at any time in the future • as they have done in the past. • At the point of impact, whole communities could be devastated • while there might be cataclysmic effects on both sea and sky. Any relevant content well above 50 words should be totally disregarded. Examiners should draw a double horizontal line in the margin where the response goes out of control. Too short an answer means that content will be inadequate. [5 x 1 = 5]

Page 7 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper GCE AS LEVEL – October/November 2011 8001 21 © University of Cambridge International Examinations 2011 (b) Credit any five of the following points or any other relevant material. • The gravity tractor has already left the drawing board. • Its role has also been worked out. • It would not take all that long to construct. • However, if an asteroid is due to crash into the Earth in the near future (1908 + 100) • and it takes twenty years to anticipate it, • the next disaster could happen before such a spacecraft became operational. • Moreover, since only a small percentage of potentially dangerous asteroids has been detected, others could slip through the net before preventive action was taken. • Any launch of a gravity tractor would require the consent of all nations and that might take time or be impossible to obtain. Award two marks for a developed, convincing point; award one mark for a near miss. Any relevant content well above 100 words should be totally disregarded. Examiners should draw a double horizontal line in the margin where the response goes out of control. Too short an answer means that content will be inadequate. [5 x 2 = 10] (c) Credit any four of the following points or any other relevant material. • As with a farm tractor, the spacecraft could be used to shift loads that were much larger or much heavier than itself. • Both a tractor and this spacecraft are designed to pull whatever they are moving. • However, whereas there is tangible contact between a conventional tractor and its load, there is not between this spacecraft and an asteroid. • A normal tractor operates in front of its load and not at the side of it. • A farm tractor usually transports its load from one place to another whereas this invention merely alters slightly the direction of an asteroid. Award two marks for a developed, convincing point; award one mark for a near miss. Any relevant content well above 80 words should be totally disregarded. Examiners should draw a double horizontal line in the margin where the response goes out of control. Too short an answer means that content will be inadequate. [4 x 2 = 8] (d) (i) intercept: stop and catch something (that is going from one place to another) trajectory: path (through air or the atmosphere) taken by a moving object, direction, line of flight triggering: starting something happening, initiating exploits: makes use of, develops nudge: gentle push currently: now, at present, at the moment. [6] (ii) You should be able to intercept and arrest him as he leaves the office for home. The fielder accurately estimated the trajectory of the cricket ball and was there to catch it. They left suddenly, thus triggering a great deal of speculation by their bewildered audience. She always exploits her opponent’s weakness and manages to win against the odds. I noticed the sly nudge in the ribs which prompted his colleague to cough ostentatiously. We are currently champions but may lose the Cup next week. [6]