Cambridge A Level Economics 9708 — 2014 Oct/Nov Paper 3 · Variant 2

This document consists of 12 printed pages. IB14 11_9708_32/RP © UCLES 2014 [Turn over *5821683711* Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Level ECONOMICS 9708/32 Paper 3 Multiple Choice (Supplement) October/November 2014 1 hour Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Soft clean eraser Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended) READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write in soft pencil. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided unless this has been done for you. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. There are thirty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet. Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully. Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer. Any rough working should be done in this booklet.

2 © UCLES 2014 9708/32/O/N/14 1 Which condition defines productive efficiency? A All factors of production are fully employed. B All firms are producing at their profit-maximising levels of output. C There are no further opportunities for substituting capital for labour. D The output of all goods is produced at the lowest possible cost. 2 A household makes the following purchases of fruit. fruit quantity purchased (kg) price per kg ($) bananas 5 1.00 apples 10 0.50 The household derives twice as much utility from the tenth kg of apples as from the fifth kg of bananas. What should the household do to maximise utility from the purchase of these fruits? purchase of bananas purchase of apples A decrease increase B increase decrease C increase increase D no change no change

3 © UCLES 2014 9708/32/O/N/14 [Turn over 3 In the diagram a consumer’s budget line shifts from GH to JK. O K H J G quantity of good Y quantity of good X Which statement must be correct? A There has been an increase in the consumer’s real income. B There has been a decrease in the consumer’s real income. C Good Y has become relatively more expensive. D Good X has become relatively more expensive. 4 A worker is considering accepting a job she has been offered. She draws up a list of the annual monetary values she places on the advantages and disadvantages of the job. advantages and disadvantages of the job value ($) income 750 dangerous working conditions 500 long working hours 250 high prestige of the job 200 cost of providing own uniform 150 opportunity for travel 100 short holidays 50 What can be concluded from the table? A She values the pecuniary advantages more highly than the non-pecuniary advantages. B She would take the job even if it had none of the non-pecuniary advantages. C The job has no pecuniary disadvantages. D The non-pecuniary advantages outweigh the non-pecuniary disadvantages.

4 © UCLES 2014 9708/32/O/N/14 5 To increase its labour force from 100 to 101 workers, a firm has to increase its daily wage rate from $500 to $502. What is the marginal cost of labour per day? A $2 B $200 C $202 D $702 6 The diagram shows an individual worker’s supply curve of labour. O x z W S 40 hourly wage number of hours The hourly wage is W and the worker is required to work a standard 40-hour week. Which area measures the net improvement in the worker’s welfare if he were allowed to choose the number of hours he wished to work per week? A x B z – x C z + x D z 7 A firm’s workers join a trade union which negotiates an increase in the workers’ wage rate. The increase in the wage rate results in an increase in the number employed by the firm. What could explain this? A The demand for the firm’s product is price-elastic. B The firm is a monopsonist within its local labour market. C The firm operates in a perfectly competitive labour market. D There is a high degree of substitutability between capital and labour.

5 © UCLES 2014 9708/32/O/N/14 [Turn over 8 The table below shows the relationship between total output and total costs of a firm given constant factor prices and fixed factor proportions. output costs ($) 100 100 200 160 300 180 400 320 500 500 It follows that, over this range of output, the firm experiences A decreasing returns for output between 100 and 300 and increasing returns for output larger than 300. B increasing returns for output between 100 and 300 and decreasing returns for output larger than 300. C decreasing returns throughout. D increasing returns throughout. 9 In 2009, the United Kingdom’s largest grocery supermarket, Tesco plc, created Tesco Bank offering a range of financial services to customers. This is an example of A external growth and horizontal merger. B external growth and vertical merger. C internal growth and diversification. D internal growth and market concentration. 10 The price elasticity of demand for a firm’s product is zero. What will be the effect on the firm’s revenue if it reduces its price by 5%? A Its revenue will be unchanged. B Its revenue will decrease by 5%. C Its revenue will increase by 5%. D Its revenue will fall to zero.

6 © UCLES 2014 9708/32/O/N/14 11 The diagram shows an industry producing under conditions of constant average costs. LRAC, LRMC AR Z Y X T W MR S V O output cost, revenue Under perfect competition, the industry produces output OV. Which area measures the increase in the industry’s profits if it were to become a monopoly? A XYSO B XYWT C XYZT D YZW 12 When is collusion likely to be successful in an oligopolistic market? A Barriers to entry are relatively low. B Firms have accurate information about each other’s output levels. C There are significant differences in the firms’ costs of production. D There are significant fluctuations in demand from one period to another.

7 © UCLES 2014 9708/32/O/N/14 [Turn over 13 The diagram shows how a firm’s average profit and marginal profit vary at differing levels of output. O Q output profit marginal profit average profit If the firm produces output OQ, which statement is correct? A The firm is earning a zero profit. B The firm is making a normal profit. C The firm is maximising its profit. D The firm is producing above its profit-maximising output. 14 A firm wishes to acquire some of the consumer surplus its customers currently enjoy. How might it achieve this? A by introducing price discrimination B by reducing operating costs C by setting a price that maximises revenue D by taking advantage of economies of scale 15 A country’s steel producers are members of a cartel. Each member is allocated a production quota, and initially produces the maximum allowed under its quota. What will be the effect on total steel production and the industry’s total profits of allowing the producers to trade the quotas among themselves? effect on production effect on total profits A increase increase B increase no change C no change increase D no change no change

8 © UCLES 2014 9708/32/O/N/14 16 The introduction of a minimum hourly wage for all workers over 21 years of age is expected to increase the average wages of these workers. What will be the likely effect on workers under 21? unemployment for under 21s average wages for under 21s A falls fall B falls rise C rises fall D rises rise 17 A government introduces tax incentives which promote effort and enterprise. They also redistribute income from those who receive a higher marginal utility from money to those with a lower marginal utility from money. What effect will these tax incentives have on efficiency and equity? efficiency equity A increase increase B increase reduce C reduce increase D reduce reduce 18 The diagram shows the private and social costs and the private benefits that arise as the number of car journeys into a city centre increases. In the absence of any external benefits, which volume of traffic would maximise the community’s welfare if entry could be restricted through the issue of permits? $ O number of car journeys marginal private benefit marginal social cost marginal private cost A B C D

9 © UCLES 2014 9708/32/O/N/14 [Turn over 19 The diagram shows the number and amount of fines ($m) imposed by the US Department of Justice for firms’ illegal cartel behaviour between 1980 and 2011. 125 100 75 50 25 0 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1980 1990 2000 2011 number of fines amount $m key number amount What is the most likely conclusion from the diagram about the view of the US Department of Justice of firms’ cartel behaviour? A It believed that cartel behaviour was unimportant before 1980. B It believed that illegal cartel behaviour was insignificant in 2011. C It believed that increasing fines was necessary to deter cartel behaviour. D It believed that the free market can regulate cartel behaviour. 20 During a year, a country’s national income in money terms increased by 8%, total population increased by 2% and real income per head remained constant. What was the approximate change in the average price level? A a decrease of 4% B an increase of 4% C an increase of 6% D an increase of 10% 21 A central bank pursues a policy of quantitative easing by purchasing government securities. What is likely to happen to interest rates and aggregate expenditure? interest rates aggregate expenditure A fall fall B fall rise C rise fall D rise rise

10 © UCLES 2014 9708/32/O/N/14 22 According to monetarist theory, if there is an unanticipated increase in the money supply what will be the short-run effect on money wages, real wages and the level of employment? money wages real wages employment A decrease decrease increase B decrease increase decrease C increase decrease increase D increase increase decrease 23 In a closed economy with no government C = 40 + 0.8 Y and I = 60, where C is consumption, Y is income and I is investment. What is the equilibrium level of income? A 80 B 100 C 300 D 500 24 A developing economy experiences a rapid growth in labour productivity. What is most likely to result from this? A an increase in the country’s balance of trade deficit B an increase in the country’s relative labour costs C a depreciation of the country’s currency D an increase in real income per head 25 Which change would cause an increase in a country’s Human Development Index? A a decrease in gender inequality B a decrease in income inequality C an increase in the mean years of schooling D an increase in the retirement age 26 Real output in an economy grows by 2.5% but at the same time the level of employment decreases. What can be deduced from this information? A Actual output has grown more quickly than potential output. B Labour productivity has increased. C Population of working age has fallen. D There has been an increase in the rate of inflation.

11 © UCLES 2014 9708/32/O/N/14 [Turn over 27 A government decides to pursue a more reflationary fiscal policy and a more deflationary monetary policy. Which combination of changes in policy instruments is consistent with this? government expenditure interest rate taxation A decrease decrease decrease B decrease decrease increase C increase increase decrease D increase increase increase 28 The table shows some indicators of macro-economic performance in the US economy for five decades. economic target 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s real GDP growth (average %) 4.18 4.43 3.28 3.02 3.03 inflation (average %) 2.07 2.33 7.09 5.66 3.00 unemployment (average %) 4.51 4.78 6.22 7.27 5.76 Between which decades did the US government achieve an overall improvement in its performance with no trade-off between individual policy goals? A 1950s to 1960s B 1960s to 1970s C 1970s to 1980s D 1980s to 1990s 29 Why might a reduction in domestic interest rates have an adverse effect on a country’s balance of payments on the current account? A It will cause a rise in the exchange rate. B It will make the country’s industry less competitive. C The resulting higher level of economic activity is likely to increase imports. D There will be an outflow of capital from the country.

12 Copyright Acknowledgements: Question 19 Question 28 © US Department of Justice. © Office of National Statistics. Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2014 9708/32/O/N/14 30 At present, a country’s government has set its central bank a target rate of inflation of 2%. What is likely to happen to interest rates and the exchange rate if the target inflation rate is raised to 3%? interest rates exchange rate A fall fall B fall rise C rise fall D rise rise

® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations. CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS Cambridge International Advanced Level MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2014 series 9708 ECONOMICS 9708/32 Paper 3 (Multiple Choice – Supplement), maximum raw mark 30 Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2014 series for most Cambridge IGCSE®, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level components.

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper Cambridge International A Level – October/November 2014 9708 32 © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 Question Number Key Question Number Key 1 D 16 B 2 A 17 B 3 D 18 C 4 A 19 C 5 D 20 C 6 A 21 B 7 B 22 C 8 B 23 D 9 C 24 D 10 B 25 C 11 B 26 B 12 B 27 C 13 C 28 D 14 A 29 C 15 C 30 A