Cambridge IGCSE Travel and Tourism 0471 — 2009 Oct/Nov Paper 1 · Variant 1

This document consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page. IB09 11_0471_01/3RP © UCLES 2009 [Turn over * 6124049050* For Examiner's Use 1 2 3 4 Total *6124049050* For Examiner's Use 1 2 3 4 Total UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education TRAVEL AND TOURISM 0471/01 Core Module October/November 2009 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. www.XtremePapers.com

2 © UCLES 2009 0471/01/O/N/09 Question 1 Refer to Figs. 1(a) and 1(b) which contain information about Bangkok’s new airport. Fig. 1(a) Fig. 1(b) Suvarnabhumi Airport Suvarnabhumi Airport (BKK) is located on a 31 sq km site in the Samut Prakarn province of Thailand, 30km east of Bangkok. Road access to the new airport is provided by a series of new highways connected to Bangkok’s existing outer ring road. The main access road is an elevated 2 x 5 lane road that leads from the passenger terminal through the northern part of the site to the new Bangkok-Chonburi highway. The construction of the City Airport Terminal in Makkasan and a 28.6km high- speed rail link to the new airport started in July 2005 were completed by the end of 2007. The airport rail express, informally known as the Pink Line, offers airport- bound passengers a fast 15 minute limited stop journey from the city. Airport Express Airport Express provides an air-conditioned bus service between Suvarnabhumi Airport and many of the first-class Bangkok hotels. Airport Express operates 4 bus routes to the downtown area. The cost is only 150 baht for the entire route. The Airport Express services operate from 5:00 am to midnight.

3 © UCLES 2009 0471/01/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (a) Using only information from Fig. 1(a), describe two ways in which the new airport’s location has been made more accessible to passengers travelling from Bangkok. 1 2 [4] (b) Identify and explain two ways in which the Airport Express bus service described in Fig. 1(b) is likely to appeal to international travellers arriving at Suvarnabhumi Airport (BKK). Appeal 1 Explanation Appeal 2 Explanation [4] (c) Passengers arriving at Suvarnabhumi Airport (BKK) can be classified as being different types of tourist. State the three main categories into which all tourists may be classified. 1 2 3 [3]

4 © UCLES 2009 0471/01/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use (d) Using Fig. 1(a) and Fig. 1(b) and your own knowledge, state and explain four negative impacts that are associated with the development of large international airports. Impact 1 Explanation Impact 2 Explanation Impact 3 Explanation Impact 4 Explanation [8]

5 © UCLES 2009 0471/01/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (e) Discuss the essential personal skills that airport check-in staff will be expected to possess. [6] [Total: 25]

6 © UCLES 2009 0471/01/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use Question 2 Refer to Fig. 2, information about Dubai’s cruise terminal. Fig. 2 (a) Identify four terminal leisure facilities that visiting cruise passengers may make use of. 1 2 3 4 [4] Dubai’s Cruise Terminal The new Dubai Cruise Terminal is the only cruise terminal in the world operated by a government department of tourism. This means extra attention to every visitor who stops at Dubai. Cruise Facilities & Services: Extensive docking facilities • Spacious 3.3 sq km ultra-modern cruise terminal. • 335m of Quay with 35m of Quayside. • Entire site surrounded by perimeter fencing with security system. Well-equipped in-terminal services • Highly efficient reception check-in. • Competent information centre with concierge service. • Luxurious VIP lounge. • Pleasant relaxation zone and a delightful cafe. • Rest rooms with disabled access toilets. • Special facilities for the physically challenged (wheel chairs, electric carts & ramps). • Big screen entertainment centre. • World-class Duty Free and retail shops. • Heritage and culture exhibits. • Beautiful Arabian palm garden. Excellent communication and business assistance • Authorised money exchange. • Convenient computer terminals and an Internet centre. • Post office and other communication facilities. • Conference facilities and business centre. Well-developed transportation network • Personal & baggage security screening. • Covered baggage handling area. • Parking for tour buses as well as a taxi stand.

7 © UCLES 2009 0471/01/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) The terminal provides “personal & baggage security screening”. Explain what both of these aspects of security are likely to involve. [4] (c) Dubai Cruise Terminal is a pick-up point for tour buses. State and explain three ways in which city bus tours are likely to appeal to cruise passengers. Appeal 1 Explanation Appeal 2 Explanation Appeal 3 Explanation [6]

8 © UCLES 2009 0471/01/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use (d) Many passengers choose to have a cruise holiday because they can visit destinations located in different environments. Complete the following table by filling in the term which best describes the climate of each of the listed cruise destinations. Cruise ship destination Climate zone Dubai (the Arabian Gulf) Montego Bay, Jamaica (Caribbean Sea) Barcelona, Spain (Mediterranean Sea) Singapore (1N, 103W) Alaska (North Pacific Ocean) [5] (e) With reference to one ferry route with which you are familiar, evaluate the reasons for its use by international travellers. Chosen ferry route [6] [Total: 25]

10 © UCLES 2009 0471/01/O/N/09 Question 3 Refer to Fig. 3, a news report about Indian tourism. Fig. 3 Sustaining its growth in the tourism industry, India witnessed an increase in foreign tourist arrivals from 3.92 million in 2005 to 4.43 million in 2006. Foreign exchange earnings from tourism have also shown a huge growth from US$5730 million in 2005 to US$6569 million in 2006, achieving an increase of 14.6 percent, according to an official press release from the Indian Ministry of Tourism (INM). Sharing information on the ongoing projects , the INM announced that it has brought out guidelines for classification of Apartment Hotels, Time Share resorts and Guest Houses in order to meet the rising demand for accommodation due to increased growth in tourist arrivals. The Indian Ministry of Tourism has approved:
129 budget category hotels
146 new hotel projects with 12623 rooms. It has also been decided to build up a required inventory of budget category rooms through recognition of spare rooms available with various house owners by classifying these facilities as “Incredible India Bed & Breakfast Establishments,” under ‘Gold’ or ‘Silver’ category. This facility will make rooms available at affordable cost for ordinary tourists, who wish to visit India and also give them an opportunity to stay with Indian families and experience the Indian culture.

11 © UCLES 2009 0471/01/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (a) The Indian tourism industry is growing. Identify the following: (i) The number of foreign tourist arrivals in 2006. [1] (ii) Indian tourism’s foreign exchange earnings in 2006. [1] (iii) The percentage increase from 2005 in these foreign exchange earnings. [1] (b) Tourists visiting India can choose to stay in different types of accommodation. Describe the facilities that you would expect to be provided in each of the following: Apartment Hotels [4] Budget Category Hotels [4]

12 © UCLES 2009 0471/01/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use (c) The Indian Ministry of Tourism will try to encourage further growth in the number of tourist arrivals. State and explain four methods likely to be used to support/promote overseas visitor arrivals. Method 1 Explanation Method 2 Explanation Method 3 Explanation Method 4 Explanation [8]

13 © UCLES 2009 0471/01/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (d) Evaluate the negative social and cultural impacts that can result from the rapid development of tourism in countries like India. [6] [Total: 25]

14 © UCLES 2009 0471/01/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use Question 4 Refer to Fig. 4, a photograph of tourists visiting the famous Alhambra Palace in Granada, Spain. Fig. 4 (a) State three services/facilities which are usually provided for the convenience of visitors to famous historic attractions such as the Alhambra Palace. 1 2 3 [3]

15 © UCLES 2009 0471/01/O/N/09 [Turn over For Examiner's Use (b) State and explain three methods that historic built attractions are likely to use in order to preserve and maintain their historic status. Method 1 Explanation Method 2 Explanation Method 3 Explanation [6] (c) Many of the Alhambra Palace’s visitors will be on a day trip excursion as part of their holiday. Describe how holiday excursions are usually organised. [4]

16 Question 1 Figure 1a Question 1 Figure 1b Question 2 Question 3 Figure 3 Question 3 Figure 3 Question 4 Figure 4 © http://www.bangkokairportonline.com/node/14. © http://www.bangkokairportonline.com/node/14. © http://www.dubaitourism.ae/cruise/default.asp?SubCatID=28&nPage=2. © http://www.travelwirenews,com/cgi-script/csArticles/articles/000108/010821-p.htm. © http://www.incredibleindia.org/newsite/result.htm. © Photograph by J. D. Smith © UCLES Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2009 0471/01/O/N/09 For Examiner's Use (d) There are many different types of cultural attraction. In the table below, name an example of each of the following types and state one reason for the visitor appeal of each chosen example. Type of cultural attraction Name of example Reason for visitor appeal Important religious building Carnival/Festival Gallery/Museum [6] (e) Discuss the reasons for the growth of short ‘city break’ holidays. [6] [Total: 25]

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2009 question paper for the guidance of teachers 0471 TRAVEL AND TOURISM 0471/01 Paper 1 (Written Paper), maximum raw mark 100 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. • CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2009 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. www.XtremePapers.com

Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2009 0471 01 © UCLES 2009 1 (a) Using only information from Fig. 1(a) describe two ways in which the new airport’s location has been made more accessible to passengers travelling from Bangkok. [4] Award one mark for each of two valid identifications based on Fig.1 (a) about BKK’s accessibility and then award a further one mark for an appropriate description of each. Correct ideas include: • New roads (1) e.g. connection to Bangkok’s ring road (1), 2 x 5 lane highway (1), connecting with main Bangkok-Chonburi highway (1) • High speed rail link (1), 15 min journey time (1) Credit all valid points, one for road and one for rail, but please make sure that the identification mark is for something shown on Fig. 1(a) (b) Identify and explain two ways in which the Airport Express bus service described in Fig. 1 (b) is likely to appeal to international travellers arriving at Suvarnabhumi Airport (BKK). [4] Award one mark for each of two valid ways (must be shown on Fig. 1(b)) in which the service will appeal and then award a further one mark for an appropriate explanation of each. Valid ideas include: • Air conditioned (1) – important in tropics (1) • Cost (1) – 150 Baht is cheap (1) • Direct access to hotels (1) – convenience (1) • 4 routes (1) – good coverage of area (1) • Timings (1) – most arrivals served (1) (c) Passengers arriving at Suvarnabhumi Airport (BKK) can be classified as being different types of tourist. State the three main categories into which all tourists may be classified. [3] Award one mark for each of: • Leisure • Business • VFR (d) Using Fig. 1(a) and Fig. 1(b) and your own knowledge, state and explain four negative impacts that are associated with the development of large international airports. [8] The more obvious negative impacts tend to be environmental, but candidates can validly argue economic, social & cultural as well. Award one mark for the correct identification of each of four negative impacts and award a second mark for an appropriate explanatory statement about each, such as: • Loss of land (1) – displaced population (1) • Congestion (1) – increased traffic (1) • Noise pollution (1) – more planes/passengers(1) • Habitat destruction (1) – loss of species (1) • Locals may only get low skill jobs (1) – overseas managers etc recruited (1) Credit all valid reasoning based on airport expansion or development in either MDCs or LEDCs – such as loss of farmland, disruption of communities etc.

Page 3 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2009 0471 01 © UCLES 2009 (e) Discuss the essential personal skills that airport check-in staff will be expected to possess. [6] This is a familiar concept, this time set in an airport check-in context. We should expect candidates to address some of the more obvious points of: • Foreign languages – visitors • Numeracy – sales/cash handling • Communication – clear help & advice • Ability to handle complaints – politely • Literacy – following care manual etc. • ICT – admin systems etc. Use level of response criteria Level 1 (1 or 2 marks) can be awarded for the simple identification/description of appropriate skills Level 2 (3 or 4 marks) can be awarded for the analysis of one or more of the appropriate customer service skills Level 3 (5 or 6 marks) to be awarded for some evaluative comment about appropriate skills Example: Front line employees need good communication skills (L1) as passengers must be informed about their flight and seats correctly (L2) to avoid mistakes. The ability to speak a foreign language (L1) will help as many passengers will be overseas visitors and may have difficulty speaking (L2). Staff must be familiar with ticketing and baggage systems (L1) because passengers want a smooth check-in (L2) and a trouble-free start to their journey (L3). This is the most important aspect as far as the passenger in concerned (L3). 2 (a) Identify four terminal leisure facilities that visiting cruise passengers may make use of. [4] Award one mark for the correct identification of each of four of the following: • Information centre • Concierge service • Luxurious VIP lounge (Majilis) • Pleasant relaxation zone and a delightful cafe • Big screen entertainment centre • Duty Free and retail shops • Heritage and culture exhibits • Arabian palm garden • Computer terminals and an Internet centre. The candidate can be credited with any four of the above, even if combined within one point.

Page 4 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2009 0471 01 © UCLES 2009 (b) The terminal provides ‘personal & baggage security screening’. Explain what both of these aspects of security are likely to involve. [4] Award the four marks as follows, for example: Bags: X-rayed (1) – check illegal items (1) Person: Walk-through scanner (1) – check for weapons/concealed items (1) In each case, one mark for identification and one mark for a valid explanatory comment. (c) Dubai Cruise Terminal is a pick-up point for tour buses. State and explain three ways in which city bus tours are likely to appeal to cruise passengers. [6] This is clearly set in the context of a sightseeing tour. Award one mark for the identification of each of three valid aspects of their visitor/tourist appeal and award a second mark for an appropriate explanation of each. Correct ideas will include: • See the main sights (1) – designed route (1) • Guide (1) – provide extra information (1) • Information in different languages (1) – given commentary or leaflet (1) • Convenient (1) – see a lot in short time (1) • Escorted (1) – cannot get lost, be late etc. (1) Credit all valid reasoning (d) Many passengers choose to have a cruise holiday because they can visit destinations located in different environments. Complete the following table by filling in the term which best describes the climate of each of the listed cruise destinations. [5] Award one mark for each of the following: • Dubai = desert (accept tropical & sub-tropical) • Montego Bay = tropical • Barcelona = temperate • Singapore = equatorial • Alaska = Arctic/polar

Page 5 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2009 0471 01 © UCLES 2009 (e) With reference to one ferry route with which you are familiar, evaluate the reasons for its use by international travellers. [6] Candidates must select a ferry, cruise circuits are not acceptable. Accept any route used by international travellers, even if it is primarily a domestic service e.g. Scottish Islands or Mersey Ferries. Use level of response criteria Level 1 (1 or 2 marks) can be awarded for the simple identification/description of features of the chosen service such as route, vessel features, timings, connections, accessibility, costs etc. Level 2 (3 or 4 marks) can be awarded for the analysis of one or more of the chosen ferry’s features. Level 3 (5 or 6 marks) to be awarded for some evaluative comment about ferry features related to customer appeal. E.g. Liverpool to Birkenhead Mersey Ferries are an established visitor attraction as well as being an important local commuter service (L1). The 10 minute crossing is quick (L1) and gives spectacular views of the Liverpool Waterfront (L2). Visitors are attracted because the nearby Albert Dock & Beatles Story tourist attractions are easily accessible as is Spaceport on the Wirral side (L2). However, at £2.40 return, the trip represents an easily affordable activity and this boosts its popularity (L3) with visitors and locals alike (L3). 3 (a) The Indian tourism industry is growing. Identify the following: (i) The number of foreign tourist arrivals in 2006. [1] Award one mark for 4.43 million (ii) Indian tourism’s foreign exchange earnings in 2006. [1] Award one mark for US$6569 million (iii) The percentage increase from 2005 in these foreign exchange earnings. [1] Award one mark for 14.6%

Page 6 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2009 0471 01 © UCLES 2009 (b) Tourists visiting India can choose to stay in different types of accommodation. Describe the facilities that you would expect to be provided in each of the following: [8] In both cases award one mark for the identification/description of each of 4 valid characteristic features, such as: Apartment Hotels • Bedroom/living facilities • Kitchenette/white goods • Serviced accommodation • Bathroom • TV & extras • Access to leisure facilities • Restaurant • Car parking Budget Category Hotels • Smaller with ensuite facilities • Serviced • 3* or less • May have welcome tray • TV only leisure facility (c) The Indian Ministry of Tourism will try to encourage further growth in the number of tourist arrivals. State and explain four methods likely to be used to support/promote overseas visitor arrivals. [8] Award one mark for the correct identification of each of four valid methods and award a second mark for an appropriate explanatory statement about each, such as: • Tourism website (1) – Internet is global (1) • Brochures (1) – aimed at segments (1) • Advertising media (1) – campaigns in particular markets (1) • TICs (1) – enhance visitor experiences (1) • License operators (1) – quality control (1) • Overseas offices (1) – focus on particular volume markets (1) • Hosting family trips (1) – engage with overseas travel agents/operators (1) • Trade Fairs (1) – media attention (1) Credit all valid reasoning.

Page 7 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2009 0471 01 © UCLES 2009 (d) Evaluate the negative social and cultural impacts that can result from the rapid development of tourism in countries like India. [6] This is set in the context of LEDC socio-cultural impact of tourism development. Expect candidates to refer to some of the following negative socio-cultural impacts including: • Conflicts with the host community • Crime • Loss of cultural identity • The Demonstration effect • Changes to family structure • Social problems, such as begging and prostitution Use level of response criteria Level 1 (1 or 2 marks) can be awarded for the simple identification/description of features of valid negative socio-cultural impacts such as ‘demonstration effect’, underemployment, crime, morals, loss of traditions etc. Level 2 (3 or 4 marks) can be awarded for the analysis of one or more of the selected impacts. Level 3 (5 or 6 marks) to be awarded for some evaluative comment about impacts leading to some form of conclusion. Example: The rapid expansion of tourism in some LEDC destinations can generate a variety of conflicts. The main socio-cultural conflicts include the decline of traditional employment (L1) as young mobile workers leave the rural areas and migrate to tourist destinations (L2). With often only part-time work available (L1) this can lead to social problems, such as begging and prostitution (L2). The demonstration effect can lead to the erosion of traditional culture and values as the local population adopts visitor behaviour and this is a major cause of tension within sections of local society (L3). A good example would be the Middle East where western lifestyle is frequently at odds with Muslim tradition (L3). 4 (a) State three services/facilities which are usually provided for the convenience of visitors to famous historic attractions such as the Alhambra Palace. [3] Award one mark for the correct identification of each of three valid services/facilities, such as: • Guided tours • Information e.g. guide books • Souvenirs • Catering • Visitor centre/shop • Toilets For example, a candidate writing ‘visitor centre with shop and toilets’ should be awarded 3 marks.

Page 8 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2009 0471 01 © UCLES 2009 (b) State and explain three methods that historic built attractions are likely to use in order to preserve and maintain their historic status. [6] We can accept a wide range of strategies, including funding routes and operating procedures. Award one mark for the correct identification of each of three valid methods and award a further one mark for an appropriate explanatory comment, such as: • Limit opening hours/times (1) to avoid damage and congestion (1) • Limit access to areas (1) to allow for repair and maintenance (1) • Offer only guided tours (1), avoid sensitive areas (1) • Sell own merchandise (1), re-invest profit (1) • Stagger group arrivals (1), avoid congestion (1) Credit all valid suggestions and reasoning, including aspects of renovation and maintenance. (c) Many of the Alhambra Palace’s visitors will be on a day trip excursion as part of their holiday. Describe how holiday excursions are usually organised. [4] Award one mark for each of four valid descriptive statements, such as: • Booked at hotel tour desk/rep/travel agency • Coach collects from hotel • Arrival at attraction – time to explore • May be guided • Lunch may be included • Return to hotel Credit all valid statements, allowing developments where appropriate. Also accept procedures from the tour operator perspective. (d) There are many different types of cultural attraction. In the table below, name an example of each of the following and state one reason for the visitor appeal of each chosen example. [6] Allow all valid examples and mark to the candidate’s advantage. Award one mark for each of three valid examples plus a further one mark for a correct reason for appeal. The reason must be appropriate to the example named for example: • Notre Dame, Paris – place where French kings were crowned • Rio de Janeiro carnival – Samba school floats & dancing parade • Louvre in Paris – Mona Lisa

Page 9 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2009 0471 01 © UCLES 2009 (e) Discuss the reasons for the growth of short ‘city break’ holidays. [6] Candidates are expected to offer some reasoning for this current travel trend and mention could be made of factors such as: • Rising disposable incomes • People being cash rich, time poor • Growth of budget air lines • Increasing number of cities being served • Special products being created by operators etc. Use level of response criteria Level 1 (1 or 2 marks) can be awarded for the simple identification/description of factors such as those above. Level 2 (3 or 4 marks) can be awarded for the analysis of one or more of these selected factors/reasons. Level 3 (5 or 6 marks) to be awarded for some clear comment about the factors leading to some form of conclusion. Example Key factors stimulating demand for city breaks include the range of destinations available, easy access via budget airlines and Eurostar, a range of specialist tour operators and 24/7 Internet access (L1). The internet has revolutionised the planning and booking of city breaks, allowing individuals to book transport and accommodation at their convenience (L2). Hotel rates tend to be lower at weekends and thus cheap 2/3 night stays are readily available throughout the year (L2). The fact that carriers such as Ryanair and easyJet fly to European destinations means that demand is evenly spread and travellers can take advantage of a short break whenever they wish (L3). The trend has grown beyond Europe and mini-breaks to New York and Dubai have become popular, indicating that travel time has become less of an issue (L3).