Cambridge IGCSE Sanskrit 0499 — 2025 May/June Paper 1 · Variant 2

This document has 8 pages. Any blank pages are indicated. [Turn over Cambridge IGCSE™ * 2 1 4 8 4 5 7 3 7 2 * DC (CJ) 344753/1 © UCLES 2025 SANSKRIT 0499/12 Paper 1 Language May/June 2025 1 hour 30 minutes You must answer on the answer booklet/paper. You will need: Answer booklet/paper INSTRUCTIONS ● Answer all questions. ● If you have been given an answer booklet, follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. ● Use a black or dark blue pen. ● Write your name, centre number and candidate number on all the work you hand in. ● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid. ● In Sanskrit passages, underlined words are glossed. ● At the end of the examination, fasten all your work together. Do not use staples, paper clips or glue. INFORMATION ● The total mark for this paper is 90. ● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

2 0499/12/M/J/25 © UCLES 2025 1 Read the following Sanskrit passage. Do not write out a translation. Answer all the questions. Your answers should be in English, with Sanskrit names in transliteration. Kṛṣṇa dances with the cowherdesses, but then disappears. (Traditional Story) vaṃśa (m) flute īrṣyā (f) jealousy vādayati plays (an instrument) apagata (mfn) went off gopī (f) cowherdess viśeṣataḥ above all nṛtya (n) dancing ārādhita (mfn) worshipped padasthāna (n) footprint 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

3 0499/12/M/J/25 © UCLES 2025 [Turn over (a) Where did Kṛṣṇa once go? (line 1) [1] (b) Translate ‘tāsām hṛdayeṣu tu ahaṃkāraḥ udabhavat’. (line 3) [6] (c) What did all the cowherdesses think? (line 4) [4] (d) How did the cowherdesses feel being without Kṛṣṇa? (line 5) [1] (e) Translate ‘vṛkṣān apṛcchan ca kutra kṛṣṇaḥ iti’. (line 6) [6] (f) What did the cowherdesses see on the ground? (line 7) [2] (g) Write out in sandhi lines 9 to 11 ‘gopīnām … ārādhitaḥ’. [10] [Total: 30]

4 0499/12/M/J/25 © UCLES 2025 2 Read the following Sanskrit passages. Answer all the questions. Your answers should be in English, with Sanskrit names in transliteration. A neglected animal refuses to protect its master. rajaka (m) washerman prāṅgaṇa (n) courtyard caura (m) thief upaviṣṭa (mfn) seated (a) List the missing words (i)–(x) to complete the English translation of the passage above: There was in a certain (i) … a washerman (ii) … Karpūrapaṭaka. Once (iii) … he (iv) … . A thief (v) … his (vi) … . An (vii) … (viii) … stood in his courtyard, and a (ix) … was seated (x) … . [10] (b) Translate into English the following sentences which continue the story above: (i) [5] (ii) [5] vyāpāra (m) business kartavya (mfn) to be done jāgarayati wakes up caura (m) thief

5 0499/12/M/J/25 © UCLES 2025 [Turn over (c) Translate into English the following sentences which continue the story: (i) [5] (ii) [5] upayoga (m) use mandādara (+ 7th case)(mfn) careless about (adapted from the Hitopadeśa of Nārāyaṇa) [Total: 30] 3 Translate the following sentences into Sanskrit using devanāgarī script. Sandhi should not be used. One mark will be given for the correct word order in each sentence. (a) Golden deer dwell in the kingdom. [5] (b) Now the lady will speak the truth. [5] (c) Having seen the lion, he shot the arrow. [5] [Total: 15]

6 0499/12/M/J/25 © UCLES 2025 4 Read the following Sanskrit passage. Do not write out a translation. Answer all the questions. Your answers should be in English. A crow becomes the friend of a sparrow. (adapted from the Pañcatantra of Viṣṇuśarman) koṭara (m) hollow kathayati tells caṭaka (m) sparrow (a) Where did the crow live? (line 1) [1] (b) What did the crow and the sparrow do together? (lines 2 and 3) [2] (c) Why did the sparrow go to another place? (lines 3 and 4) [1] (d) Who went with the sparrow on its journey? (lines 3 and 4) [2] (e) Translate ‘acintayaṃ mama mitraṃ kenāpi vyāpāditam iti’. (lines 4 and 5) [6] (f) Which animal entered the sparrow’s hollow in its absence? (line 5) [1] (g) What did the sparrow do before returning to its hollow? (line 6) [2] [Total: 15] 1 2 3 4 5 6

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8 0499/12/M/J/25 © UCLES 2025 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series. Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge. BLANK PAGE

This document consists of 6 printed pages. © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 [Turn over Cambridge IGCSE™ SANSKRIT 0499/12 Paper 1 Language May/June 2025 MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 90 Published This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2025 series for most Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge International A and AS Level components, and some Cambridge O Level components.

0499/12 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 2 of 6 Generic Marking Principles These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptions for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking principles. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1: Marks must be awarded in line with: • the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question • the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question • the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2: Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions). GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3: Marks must be awarded positively: • marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate • marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do • marks are not deducted for errors • marks are not deducted for omissions • answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4: Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level descriptors. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5: Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen). GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6: Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade descriptors in mind.

0499/12 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 3 of 6 Annotations guidance for centres Examiners use a system of annotations as a shorthand for communicating their marking decisions to one another. Examiners are trained during the standardisation process on how and when to use annotations. The purpose of annotations is to inform the standardisation and monitoring processes and guide the supervising examiners when they are checking the work of examiners within their team. The meaning of annotations and how they are used is specific to each component and is understood by all examiners who mark the component. We publish annotations in our mark schemes to help centres understand the annotations they may see on copies of scripts. Note that there may not be a direct correlation between the number of annotations on a script and the mark awarded. Similarly, the use of an annotation may not be an indication of the quality of the response. The annotations listed below were available to examiners marking this component in this series. Annotations Annotation Meaning Correct point Page or response seen by examiner Benefit of doubt given Incorrect translation or point Omission

0499/12 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 4 of 6 Question Answer Marks Guidance General Note: In all cases reasonable alternative answers which are not specifically mentioned in the mark scheme will be accepted, and either some of the marks or all of the marks for that question will be awarded. Candidates may use upper or lower case initial letters for transliterating Sanskrit proper nouns. By ‘construal’ is meant understanding the overall meaning of the words as a sentence and conveying this in the English translation. 1 Comprehension of a Sanskrit passage not in sandhi. Answers to be given in English except for 1(g). 1(a) the forest [1] 1 1(b) ‘In their [1] hearts [1] however [1], pride [1] arose [1].’ [I mark construal] 6 1(c) Kṛṣṇa is [1] only [1] my [1] friend [1]. 4 Allow flexibility for the translation of ‘eva’. 1(d) distressed [1] 1 1(e) ‘And [1] they [1] asked [1] the trees [1] “Where is Kṛṣṇa [1]?”’ [I mark construal] 6 1(f) Kṛṣṇa’s [1] footprints [1]. 2 Plural is required for ‘footprints’. 1(g) [1 mark for each sandhi as shown with underlinings, totalling 9 marks. 1 mark awarded for avoidance of unnecessary application of sandhi and correct application of the conventions of when to break the top line, the mark not being awarded if any errors are made in these respects.] 10

0499/12 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 5 of 6 Question Answer Marks Guidance 2 Translation of Sanskrit into English. Answers to be given in English. 2(a) (i) town [1] (ii) called [1] (iii) at night [1] (iv) was asleep [1] (v) entered [1] (vi) house [1] (vii) old [1] (viii) donkey [1] (ix) dog [1] (x) there [1] 10 Awarding marks for 2(b) and 2(c). Marks for each section should be awarded as follows, with due regard for accuracy and meaning: 5 Accurate translation with one slight error allowed 4 Mostly correct 3 More than half right 2 Less than half right 1 Little recognisable relation to the Sanskrit 0 No creditworthy material 2(b)(i) ‘Now the donkey said to the dog, “Friend, this is your business. Why do you not make a noise and wake up our master?”’ 5 2(b)(ii) ‘The dog replied, “You should not entertain this thought. I always protect our master’s house from thieves.”’ 5 2(c)(i) ‘However, the master does not know my use. He gives me only a little food.’ 5 2(c)(ii) ‘For all masters, without danger, quickly become careless about servants.’ 5

0499/12 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED May/June 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 6 of 6 Question Answer Marks Guidance 3 Translation of English sentences into Sanskrit. [1 mark for each Sanskrit word. 1 mark will be given for correct word order in each sentence. Total 15 marks.] Answers in Sanskrit using devanāgarī script. 3(a) 5 3(b) 5 3(c) 5 Question Answer Marks Guidance 4 Comprehension of a Sanskrit passage in sandhi. Answers to be given in English. 4(a) in a tree [1] 1 4(b) told [1] stories [1] 2 4(c) for food [1] 1 4(d) other [1] birds [1] 2 4(e) ‘I thought [1] “My [1] friend [1] has been killed [1] by someone [1].”’ [1 mark construal] 6 4(f) a rabbit [1] 1 4(g) ate [1] a lot [1] 2