Cambridge IGCSE Physics 0625 — 2024 Oct/Nov Paper 6 · Variant 1

1 A student investigates the period of a pendulum. Fig. 1.1 shows the set up. support d bob x bench floor Fig. 1.1 (a) The student adjusts the length of the pendulum until the distance d measured from the bottom of the support to the centre of the bob is 90.0 cm. He displaces the bob slightly and releases it so that it swings. He measures, and records in Table 1.1, the time t for 10 complete oscillations. Calculate, and record in Table 1.1, the period T of the pendulum. The period is the time for 1 complete oscillation. Calculate a value for T 2 and record in Table 1.1. [2] Table 1.1 d / cm t / T / T 2 / 90.0 19.1 45.0 13.5 (b) The student repeats the procedure in (a) using a distance d = 45.0 cm. Calculate, and record in Table 1.1, the period T of the pendulum. Calculate a value for T 2 and record in Table 1.1. [1] (c) Complete the column headings in Table 1.1. [2] (d) Explain why timing 10 oscillations gives a more accurate result for the period T than timing 1 oscillation. ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [1] (e) Describe one technique that you use to improve accuracy when measuring the distance d. You may draw a diagram to help your description. ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [1] (f) Describe one technique that you use to improve accuracy when measuring the time t for 10 oscillations. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [1] (g) The pendulum support is 40 cm above the bench. Estimate the distance x between the bottom of the pendulum support and the floor. x = .................................................... cm [1] (h) A student plans to plot a graph of T 2 against d. Suggest suitable values of d that the student can use to obtain measurements that are sufficient for this task. ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [2] [Total: 11]

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a) (For d = 90.0 cm): T = 1.91 1 T2 = 3.65 (3.6481) 1 1(b) T and T2 values present for 45cm, AND T2 both quoted to 3 OR both quoted to 4 significant figures 1 1(c) t and T in s 1 T2 in s2 1 1(d) (Timing) errors (due to reaction time) less significant / (same) error is spread over a longer time. 1 1(e) Use of set square or similar horizontal aid OR metre rule close to bob / pendulum 1 1(f) Use of fiducial point / counting from when pendulum passes the vertical / start counting from zero. 1 1(g) 100 (cm) < x < 140 (cm) 1 1(h) At least 3 additional values 1 No value greater than distance x as stated in (g) 1

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2 A student investigates the cooling of water in a metal container. (a) The student uses a thermometer to measure room temperature θR. Room temperature is 23 °C. Show clearly, on Fig. 2.1, the reading θR. –10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 °C Fig. 2.1 [1] (b) Fig. 2.2 shows the apparatus set up for the investigation. thermometer metal container bench water Fig. 2.2 The student pours 200 cm3 of hot water into the metal container. She places the thermometer in the hot water in the container. She records the temperature at time t = 0. She immediately starts a stop-watch. She records the temperature in Table 2.1 at 30 s intervals until she has seven sets of readings. Complete the column headings in Table 2.1. [1] Table 2.1 t / θ/ 0 92 0.5 86 1.0 82 1.5 79 2.0 77 2.5 75 3.0 74 (c) Plot a graph of temperature θ (y-axis) against time t (x-axis). Label your axes appropriately. You do not need to start the y-axis at 0. Draw the best-fit curve. [4] (d) A student states that the average rate of cooling of the water decreases as the temperature of the water approaches room temperature. State whether your graph line supports this suggestion. Explain your answer by reference to the shape of the graph line. statement .................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................... explanation ............................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... [2] (e) Explain why it is good practice to read the thermometer scale at right angles to the reading. ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [1] (f) Draw a measuring cylinder containing water. On your diagram show the line of sight you use to obtain an accurate reading of the volume of water. [2] [Total: 11]

Mark scheme: 2(a) 23°C clearly shown to better than ±0.5°C 1 2(b) °C, minutes 1 2(c) Graph: Axes correctly labelled and right way round 1 Suitable scales 1 All plots correct to ½ small square 1 Good line judgement, thin, continuous line 1 2(d) Statement to match graph line 1 Explanation to match statement and line. 1 2(e) Avoids line-of-sight / parallax error 1 2(f) Measuring cylinder drawn with liquid 1 Clear indication of line of sight at right angles to cylinder and level with surface of liquid. 1

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3 A student investigates the image produced by a lens. Fig. 3.1 shows the set up. illuminated object u v screen lens bench Fig. 3.1 hO Fig. 3.2 (a) On Fig. 3.2, measure the height hO of the illuminated object. hO = .................................................... cm [1] (b) The student places the lens at a distance u = 25.0 cm from the illuminated object. He moves the screen until a clearly focused image is formed on the screen. He measures the distance v between the centre of the lens and the screen. v = .........................................................41.2 cm Describe two techniques that you use to obtain a clearly focused image. 1 ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................... 2 ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................... [2] uv (c) Calculate the focal length f of the lens using the equation f = (u + v) . Give your answer to three significant figures and include the unit. f = ......................................................... [3] (d) The object is brighter than the image. Complete the sentences to describe two other ways in which the image seen on the screen is different from the object. 1 The image is ......................................................................................................................... 2 The image is ......................................................................................................................... [2] (e) The student repeats the steps in (b) using a distance u = 30.0 cm. v = ..........................................................cm29.8 uv Calculate the focal length f of the lens using the equation f = . (u + v) f = ......................................................... [1] (f) State and explain whether your results for the focal length f are equal within the limits of experimental accuracy. statement .................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................... explanation ............................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... [2] [Total: 11]

Mark scheme: 3(a) 1.6 (cm) 1 3(b) Move screen slowly / back and forth 1 Darkened room / bright object 1 3(c) 15.6 (15.5589) 1 cm 1 3 significant figures 1 3(d) Upside down / inverted 1 Magnified / larger 1 3(e) 14.9498 (cm) 1 3(f) Statement matches results (expect YES) 1 Justification matches statement with reference to values being within 10% of each other. 1

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4 A student investigates the current required to melt different fuse wires. Fig. 4.1 shows part of the circuit the student uses. The following equipment is also available: • fuse wires with a selection of different diameters and metals (all with the same length) • metre ruler • ammeter • variable resistor fuse wire Fig. 4.1 Plan an experiment to investigate how one factor affects the current required to melt a fuse wire. You do not need to write about safety precautions. In your plan: • state the variable that you choose to investigate • complete the circuit diagram on Fig. 4.1 • explain briefly how to do the investigation • state a key variable to keep constant • draw a table, or tables, with column headings, to display the readings (you are not required to enter any readings in the table) • explain how to use your results to reach a conclusion. .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... 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Mark scheme: 4 MP1 CIRCUIT: Ammeter and variable resistor both shown in series with test wire and with correct symbols. 1 MP2 METHOD MARK 1: Adjust current / variable resistor until wire melts / current stops. Take current reading. 1 MP3 THE CHOSEN VARIABLE: metal used or diameter 1 MP4 METHOD MARK 2: Repeat with other metal(s) or other diameter(s) 1 MP5 VARIABLE TO KEEP CONSTANT: Diameter of wire or metal used, provided it is not the variable chosen for MP3 1 MP6 TABLE with clear columns for current with unit A and for their chosen variable, with correct unit if appropriate. 1 MP7 CONCLUSION: Plot graph of current against diameter OR bar chart of current against metal 1 OR compare the readings to see if the chosen variable affects the current at which the fuse wire melts

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