Cambridge IGCSE Global Perspectives 0457 — 2017 Oct/Nov Paper 3 · Variant 2

This document consists of 6 printed pages, 2 blank pages and 1 Insert. DC (ST) 129892/2 © UCLES 2017 [Turn over Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education * 6 4 4 7 2 5 5 2 0 1 * GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES 0457/32 Paper 3 October/November 2017 1 hour 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the boxes above. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Any rough working should be done in this booklet. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

2 0457/32/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 Read the information in the accompanying Resource Booklet and answer all of Questions 1–4. 1 Study Sources 1 and 2. (a) Identify two causes of global warming from Source 1. … …[2] (b) Explain which one of the consequences of global warming you think is the most serious from Source 1. … … … … … …[4] (c) Explain why global warming is an important local issue. … … … … … … … …[6]

3 0457/32/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 [Turn over 2 Study Source 2. (a) ‘Businesses are more concerned with profit than the environment.’ How could you test this claim? You should consider the types of information, sources of evidence and methods you might use. … … … … … … … …[6] (b) How could you persuade people in your local area to take action to reduce global warming? In your response, consider: • who you would need to persuade and why • what you need to tell them • the method(s) you would use. … … … … … … … …[6]

4 0457/32/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 3 Study Source 3. (a) Identify one fact from Ajar’s post in Source 3. Explain why you think it is a fact. … … … … …[3] (b) ‘Reforestation and improved agricultural methods will guarantee that our children have a future.’ Is this statement an opinion, a prediction or both? Explain your answer. … … … … …[3]

5 0457/32/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 [Turn over (c) In this blog, whose reasoning works better, Ajar’s or Ida’s? In your answer you should support your point of view with words and phrases from the text and you may consider: • the strength of their knowledge claims • how reasonable their opinions are • whether you accept their values and why • the reliability and validity of their evidence • other relevant issues. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …[12]

6 0457/32/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 4 Study Sources 1–3. Do you think it is the responsibility of governments or individuals to reduce global warming? In your answer you should: • state your conclusion • give reasons for your opinion • use the material in the Sources and your own experience and evidence • show that you have considered different perspectives. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …[18]

7 0457/32/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 BLANK PAGE

8 0457/32/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. BLANK PAGE

® IGCSE is a registered trademark. This document consists of 14 printed pages. © UCLES 2017 [Turn over Cambridge Assessment International Education Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES 0457/32 Paper 3 Written Paper October/November 2017 MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 60 Published This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2017 series for most Cambridge IGCSE®, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level components.

0457/32 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 2 of 14 Question Answer Marks Guidance 1(a) Candidates identify any two of the following from Source 1: • Production of electricity from coal fired power stations. • Transportation of people by cars, airplanes and trains. • Methane gasses produced by animals. • Transportation of goods. • Deforestation for wood and paper. 1 mark for each correct answer, up to a maximum of 2 marks. 2 1 The only acceptable answers are located in Source 1. Candidates may use their own words and the answers can be in any order. 2 Accept transportation of people and transportation of goods as two separate causes and give each one mark. 3 Do not accept transportation of people by cars; transportation of people by airplanes; and transportation of people by trains as separate causes. 1(b) Indicative content Candidates are likely to discuss the following consequences, drawing upon the information in Source 1: • Extreme weather. • Rising sea levels. • Frequent crop failures. • Extinction of species. • Loss of coral reefs Candidates are likely to give the following reasons to justify their choice: • Possible further consequences or effects • Degree of impact/seriousness for individuals/groups • How many people/groups/countries/world are affected • Increasing cycle of disaster • Other reasonable response 4 1 Candidates must discuss one of the consequences from Source 1 as listed; the assessment is focussed upon their reasoning/justification. 2 A list-like use of consequences from the Source 1 table should be credited at Level 2.

0457/32 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 3 of 14 Question Answer Marks Guidance 1(b) The following levels of response should be used to award marks: Level 4 (4 marks) Strong response Clearly reasoned, credible and structured explanation; usually two (or more) developed arguments clearly linked to the issue; or a range of undeveloped reasons. Level 3 (3 marks) Reasonable response Some reasoned explanation of why one consequence is the most serious; usually one (or more) developed argument(s) suggested with some link to the issue, but may be implicit at times; or several undeveloped reasons. Level 2 (2 marks) Basic response Identifies a consequence as serious but argument is weak or not linked to the issue explicitly. Listed implications without explanation, probably taken from the Source. Level 1 (1 mark) Limited response Simple identification of a consequence but no attempt to justify or the reasoning is not related to the issue. Level 0 (0 marks) No relevant response or creditworthy material.

0457/32 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 4 of 14 Question Answer Marks Guidance 1(c) Indicative content Candidates are likely to discuss the following reasons drawing upon the information in Sources 1 and 2: • The causes of global warming at a local/personal level • The consequences of global warming at a local level • Possible solutions to global warming which require local action/organisation • Issues of value and beliefs about the environment and environmental protection • Other reasonable responses The following levels of response should be used to award marks: Level 3 (5–6 marks) Strong response Clearly reasoned, credible and structured explanation of importance; usually two (or more) developed arguments clearly linked to the issue; or three (or more) undeveloped reasons. The local dimension is explicit. Level 2 (3–4 marks) Reasonable response Some reasoned explanation of importance; usually one (or more) developed argument(s) with some link to the issue, but may be implicit at times; or two (or more) undeveloped reasons. The local dimension is mainly implicit. Level 1 (1–2 marks) Basic response Basic reasoning and explanation; the response is likely to contain simple, undeveloped and asserted points without explanation. Arguments are partial, generalised and lack clarity. The local dimension may not be apparent. Level 0 (0 marks) No relevant or creditworthy material 6

0457/32 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 5 of 14 Question Answer Marks Guidance 2(a) Indicative content • Possible types of information – compare statistics/information – interview or questionnaire data – expert testimony – case studies – other relevant response • Possible sources of information – national and local governments and their departments – international organizations e.g. United Nations; UNESCO – experts – research reports – pressure groups, charities and non government organizations – media and worldwide web – other relevant response • Possible methods – review of secondary sources/literature/research/documents – interviews – interview relevant experts – internet search – questionnaires – surveys 6

0457/32 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 6 of 14 Question Answer Marks Guidance 2(a) The following levels of response should be used to award marks. Level 3 (5–6 marks) Strong response Clearly reasoned, credible and structured explanation of ways to test the claim. The response is likely to contain two (or more) developed points, and may contain some undeveloped points. The response is clearly and explicitly related to testing the claim. Level 2 (3–4 marks) Reasonable response Reasoned and mainly credible explanation of ways to test the claim. The response is likely to contain one (or more) developed point(s), and/or a range of undeveloped points. The response is implicitly related to testing the claim. Level 1 (1–2 marks) Basic response Basic explanation of ways to test the claim. The response is likely to contain one or two simple, undeveloped and asserted points. There is little relevance in the response to testing the claim – the methods, sources and types of information are generally not appropriate for the claim being tested or are simply listed and not explicitly linked to the claim. Level 0 (0 marks) No relevant response or creditworthy material.

0457/32 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 7 of 14 Question Answer Marks Guidance 2(b) Indicative content • People you would need to persuade; businesses, parents, young people, local council, etc. • These people have the power to do something about the situation. • Reasons for the need • Advertising, interviews, posters, etc. The following levels of response should be used to award marks: Level 3 (5–6 marks) Strong Response Clearly reasoned, credible and structured explanation of how you could persuade people. The response is likely to have developed a response for two (or more) points, and some undeveloped points. The response is clearly and explicitly related to the issue. Lower in the band a greater proportion of the points will be left undeveloped. Level 2 (3–4 marks) Reasonable Response Some supported reasoning and explanation. The response is likely to have a developed response for one (or more) point(s), and some undeveloped points. The relevance to the issue is apparent but may be implicit at times. Lower in the band points may begin to lack clarity, and/or be partial and generalised. Level 1 (1–2 marks) Basic Response Basic reasoning and explanation. The response is likely to contain simple, undeveloped and asserted suggestions, with only one (or more) undeveloped point(s). Explanations are partial and lack clarity. There is little relevance to the issue. Lower in the band the points are likely to be generalised, lack relevance to the issue and/or simply recycle/copy material from the source without any explanation or development. Level 0 (0 marks) No relevant or creditworthy material 6

0457/32 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 8 of 14 Question Answer Marks Guidance 3(a) Indicative Content A fact is information or data that can be verified/proven; OR is true/accurate/correct. The following are examples of facts from Source 3: • ‘Many scientists have concluded that human activity, mainly the burning of fossil fuels, is the main cause of global warming.’ • ‘the average home actually contributes more to global warming than the average car’ • Much of the energy we use comes from power plants • Some power plants burn fossil fuels • Vegetarian food needs less energy to produce • Locally produced foods do not have to be transported long distances • Locally produced foods help reduce global warming Level 3 (3 marks) Strong response The response demonstrates clear understanding of the nature of facts and applies this accurately to a correct example identified from the source. Level 2 (2 marks) Reasonable response The response demonstrates some understanding of the nature of facts and attempts to apply this to a correct example identified from the source. The explanation lacks some clarity and accuracy. Level 1 (1 mark) Basic response The candidate identifies one fact from the source correctly but does not explain the reason; the response demonstrates very little or no understanding of the nature of values. Level 0 (0 marks) No relevant response or creditworthy material. 3 1 If the example is incorrect the candidate must score 0 even if the reasoning suggests some understanding of the nature of facts. 2 If the candidate says that a statement is a fact because it has been ‘researched’ then award at L2.

0457/32 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 9 of 14 Question Answer Marks Guidance 3(b) Indicative content It’s a prediction as it focuses on the future, but it could also be an opinion as she is giving advice and she has not backed up what she says with any verification or evidence. The following levels of response should be used to award marks. Level 3 (3 marks) Strong response The response demonstrates clear understanding of the nature of this part of an argument. Level 2 (2 marks) Reasonable response The response demonstrates some understanding of the nature of this part of an argument. The explanation lacks some clarity and accuracy. Level 1 (1 mark) Basic response The candidate identifies the part of the argument but does not explain the nature of the part; the response demonstrates very little or no understanding. Level 0 (0 marks) No relevant response or creditworthy material. 3 1 Award 1 mark for any of prediction, opinion or both. 2 Award L2 for a partial explanation of their judgement with some understanding. 3 Award L3 for clear explanation and understanding of their judgement.

0457/32 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 10 of 14 Question Answer Marks Guidance 3(c) Indicative content Candidates are expected to evaluate the reasoning in the two statements and compare their effectiveness. They should make a supported judgement with some explanation about which person has the most effective reasoning. Candidates may consider the following types of issue: • Quality of the argument – clarity – tone – emotive; exaggerated; precise – language – balance • Quality of the evidence – relevance – sufficiency – sample – source – media; radio – date – how recent – factual, opinion, value, anecdote – testimony – from experience and expert • Knowledge claims • Ability to see • Sources of bias – gender – political – personal values – experience • Likelihood of solutions working and consequences of their ideas • Acceptability of their values to others – how likely other people are to agree with their perspective/view 12 1 If only one statement is discussed explicitly, then maximum of Level 3.

0457/32 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 11 of 14 Question Answer Marks Guidance 3(c) The following levels of response should be used to award marks. Level 5 (11–12 marks) Very good response Clear, credible and well supported points about which reasoning works better. Coherent, structured evaluation of both arguments with clear comparison. The response is likely to contain three (or more) developed evaluative points, and may include some undeveloped points. A clear judgement is reached. Level 4 (8–10 marks) Strong response Clear, supported points about which reasoning works better. Evaluation of how well the reasoning works for both arguments with some comparison. The response is likely to contain two (or more) developed evaluative points with clear, developed explanation and may include some undeveloped points. A wide range (four or more) of undeveloped but clearly appropriate points may be sufficient to enter this band at the lower level. A judgement is reached. Level 3 (5–7 marks) Reasonable response Reasonable points about which reasoning works better. Some evaluation of how well the reasoning works for one or both arguments with an attempt at comparison. Judgements and evaluative points are likely to be partially supported or explained. One (or more) developed evaluative point(s), possibly with some undeveloped points with an attempt to explain but may lack clarity; a range (three or more) of undeveloped points may be sufficient to enter this band at the lower level. An attempt is made to give an overall judgement.

0457/32 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 12 of 14 Question Answer Marks Guidance 3(c) Level 2 (3–4 marks) Basic response Basic points about which reasoning works better. There may be only one argument considered in any detail, with little attempt at comparison. Judgements and evaluative points are likely to be partially supported, asserted and lack clarity/relevance at times. The response is likely to contain two (or more) undeveloped points. A basic judgement may be reached. Level 1 (1–2 marks) Limited response Limited and unsupported points about which reasoning works better. The response is likely to consider the arguments briefly and/or tangentially. There is little clarity. Answers at this level may repeat source material with little understanding or simply agree/disagree with the arguments presented. The response may not contain any clear evaluative points. Level 0 (0 marks) No relevant response or creditworthy material.

0457/32 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 13 of 14 Question Answer Marks Guidance 4 Indicative content Candidates are expected to argue using reasons and evidence to justify their opinion and judgement about the issue. Candidates are expected to use and develop the material found in the sources, but should go beyond simply repeating or recycling without adaptation. Other material may be introduced but it is not necessary to gain full marks. Candidates are likely to consider the following arguments: • reference to scale of impact on individual/group/governmental behaviour/actions • how long it takes to make a difference • the effects of cultural differences and beliefs • barriers to change • the power of collective action • the difficulties of changing individual behaviour • the influence of individuals and groups acting locally • the role of vested interests and power differences • potential conflict • difficulties in coordinating globally and across different countries with independence • cost and access to resources to implement change • governmental responses and action • other reasonable response 12

0457/32 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 14 of 14 Question Answer Marks Guidance 4 The following levels of response should be used to award marks: Level 5 (16–18 marks) Very good response Clear, well supported and structured reasoning about the issue. Different arguments and perspectives are clearly considered. The response is likely to contain a range of clearly reasoned points and/or evidence to support the views expressed, with three (or more) developed points, and some undeveloped points. A clear judgement is reached. Level 4 (12–15 marks) Strong response Clear, supported reasoning with some structure about the issue. Different arguments and perspectives are considered. The response is likely to contain some reasoned points and/or evidence to support the views expressed, with two (or more) developed points, and some undeveloped points. A judgement is reached. Level 3 (8–11 marks) Reasonable response Some supported reasoning about the issue. Different arguments and perspectives are included. The response is likely to contain points and/or evidence to support the views expressed, with one (or more) developed point(s), and some undeveloped points. An attempt is made to give an overall judgement. Level 2 (4–7 marks) Basic response Basic reasoning about the issue. Different arguments are included; perspectives, if present, are unclear. The response is likely to rely on assertion rather than evidence and contain some undeveloped points. A basic judgement may be attempted. Level 1 (1–3 marks) Limited response Limited and unsupported reasoning about the issue in general. Different arguments may be included. Level 0 (0 marks) No relevant response or creditworthy material.