Cambridge IGCSE Global Perspectives 0457 — 2013 Oct/Nov Paper 3 · Variant 3

This document consists of 7 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert. DC (NH) 58311/5 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education * 5 2 7 6 2 0 3 5 7 2 * GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES 0457/33 Paper 3 October/November 2013 1 hour 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the boxes above. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Any rough working should be done in this booklet. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For Examiner’s Use 1 2 3 4 Total

2 0457/33/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use Read the information in the accompanying Resource Booklet and answer all of Questions 1–4. 1 Study Sources 1 and 2. (a) Give two uses of water. … …[2] (b) Which use of water do you think is most likely to contribute to a shortage of water? Why? … … … … … …[4] (c) Give two consequences of a water shortage. … …[2] (d) Which consequence of a water shortage do you think is most important? Why? … … … … … …[4]

3 0457/33/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use 2 Study Source 3. You are part of a community group. You need to make a decision about whether you should invest in the PlayPump. What additional information do you need and how will it help you to decide? (a) One thing I need to know. … … … How it will help me to decide whether we should invest in the PlayPump. … … … … … [6] (b) Another thing I need to know. … … … How it will help me to decide whether we should invest in the PlayPump. … … … … … [6]

4 0457/33/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use 3 Study Source 4. (a) Identify one opinion in Jakob’s blog post. Explain why you think it is an opinion. … … … …[3] (b) Natalia’s dad ‘read somewhere that the average person in the developing world only has 10 litres of water every day for drinking, washing and cooking.’ How reliable is this information? Explain your answer. … … … …[3]

5 0457/33/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (c) Whose reasoning works better, Heba’s or Samuel’s? In your answer you should support your point of view with their words and phrases and you may consider: • the reliability of their knowledge claims; • how reasonable their opinions are; • the likeliness of any consequences they predict; • whether you accept their values and why; • any other relevant issues. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …[12]

6 0457/33/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use 4 Do you think the water shortage problem is most likely to be resolved by global or individual action? In your answer you should: • state your conclusion; • give reasons for your opinion; • use relevant examples to support your opinion (you may use your own experience); • show that you have considered different points of view; • explain why you disagree with some of these points of view. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

7 0457/33/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …[18]

8 0457/33/O/N/13 © UCLES 2013 BLANK PAGE Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2013 series 0457 GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES 0457/33 Paper 3 (Written Paper), maximum raw mark 60 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2013 series for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level components and some Ordinary Level components.

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2013 0457 33 2 1 Study Sources 1 and 2 (a) Give two uses of water. [2] Candidates may identify the following uses of water from the Sources: Domestic – washing, cooking, drinking, showering and baths Industrial – manufacturing, cooling/power stations, mining, Agricultural – growing crops, for food, gardening Tourism – swimming pools, fountains, golf courses, fishing, boating Other – animals to drink, fire fighting 1 mark for each correct answer, up to a maximum of two marks Further guidance – note that acceptable answers are located in Source 1 and from the candidate’s own experience. However candidates may use their own words. (b) Which use of water do you think is most likely to contribute to a shortage of water? Why? [4] Indicative Content The following uses of water may be identified from the source: Domestic – washing, cooking, drinking, showering and baths Industrial – manufacturing, cooling/power stations, mining, Agricultural – growing crops, for food, gardening Tourism – swimming pools, fountains, golf courses, fishing, boating Other – animals to drink, fire fighting Candidates are likely to give the following reasons to justify their choice: • Possible further consequences or effects • Degree of impact/seriousness for individuals/countries/world • How many people/groups/countries are affected • Increasing cycle of decline • How widespread the problem is • How easy to solve • Effects on natural world and human ways of life • Other reasonable response Further guidance – candidates may discuss ‘’uses’ from the Sources as listed above in the Mark Scheme or others; the assessment is focussed upon their reasoning/justification.

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2013 0457 33 3 Level of Response and Marks Description of Level Level 4: 4 marks Strong Response Clearly reasoned, credible and structured explanation; may compare different uses; usually at least 2 developed arguments clearly linked to the issue; or a range of undeveloped reasons. Holistic understanding of the interrelationship of factors and the connection of use to shortage. Level 3: 3 marks Reasonable Response Some reasoned explanation of why one use is most significant; usually at least 1 developed argument suggested with some link to the issue, but may be implicit at times; or several undeveloped reasons. Level 2: 2 marks Basic Response Identifies a use as significant but argument is weak or not linked to the issue explicitly. Level 1: 1 mark Limited Response Simple identification of a use but no attempt to justify or the reasoning is not related to the issue. 0 marks No relevant response or creditworthy material. (c) Give two consequences of a water shortage. [2] Candidates may identify the following consequences from the Sources or their own experience: • Drought • Failed Crops • Cracked Reservoirs • Dirty Water/puddles • Animals drink from dirty puddles • Bush/forest fires • Thirst • Hunger/Starvation • Arid land/dry riverbeds, lakes • Civil unrest • Disease • Dead trees/plants • Other reasonable response 1 mark for each correct answer, up to a maximum of two marks. Further guidance – note that acceptable answers are located in Source 1 and from the candidate’s own experience. However candidates may use their own words. .

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2013 0457 33 4 (d) Which consequence of a water shortage do you think is most important. Why? [4] Indicative Content The following consequences of water shortage may be identified from the source: • Drought • Failed Crops • Cracked Reservoirs • Dirty Water/puddles • Animals drink from dirty puddles • Bush/forest fires • Thirst • Hunger/Starvation • Arid land/dry riverbeds, lakes • Civil unrest • Disease • Dead trees/plants • Other reasonable response Candidates are likely to give the following reasons to justify their choice: • Possible further consequences or effects • Degree of impact/seriousness for individuals/countries/world • How many people/groups/countries are affected • Increasing cycle of decline • How widespread the problem is • How easy to solve • Effects on natural world and human ways of life • Other reasonable response

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2013 0457 33 5 Level of Response and Marks Description of Level Level 4: 4 marks Strong Response Clearly reasoned, credible and structured explanation; may compare different consequences; usually at least 2 developed arguments clearly linked to the issue; or a range of undeveloped reasons. Holistic understanding of the interrelationship of factors. Level 3: 3 marks Reasonable Response Some reasoned explanation of why one consequence is most significant; usually at least 1 developed argument suggested with some link to the issue, but may be implicit at times; or several undeveloped reasons. Level 2: 2 marks Basic Response Identifies a consequence as significant but argument is weak or not linked to the issue explicitly. Level 1: 1 mark Limited Response Simple identification of a consequence but no attempt to justify or the reasoning is not related to the issue. 0 marks No relevant response or creditworthy material. Further guidance – candidates may discuss ‘uses’ from the Sources as listed above in the Mark Scheme or others; the assessment is focussed upon their reasoning/justification.

Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2013 0457 33 6 2 Study Source 3. You are part of a community group. You need to make a decision about whether you should invest in the PlayPump. What additional information do you need and how will it help you decide? (a) One thing I need to know How it will help me to decide whether we should invest in the PlayPump. [6] (b) Another thing I need to know. How it will help me to decide whether we should invest in the PlayPump. [6] Use the same mark scheme for both parts (a) and (b) Indicative content Additional Information Possible types/areas of additional information likely to be suggested by candidates include: • viability of the project – access to water underground e.g. depth; amount • size and plan – to help assess impact on the locality/people in the area • effectiveness of the technology/pump • distance from community – access issues • cost – how expensive to build and who will pay • availability of children to play enough to pump water • incentives - is there going to be any encouragement to the children to play • public views - the opinion of other local people about this type of project • impact of the building project - possible disruption that creating the pump is going to cause and for how long • benefits to the environment - possible positive impact on the environment in general due to reduction in fuel emissions from more efficient gadgets or other benefit • likelihood of boredom of children who might stop playing • maintenance and repair issues – can local people cope with the technology?

Page 7 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2013 0457 33 7 Assessment of the identification of additional information: Mark Description Level 2: Reasonable Response 2 marks Identification of clearly relevant information to the issue; full description. Level 1: Basic Response 1 mark Identifies some information but the relevance is implicit or tangential; the description is very brief or lacks clarity. 0 marks No creditworthy material. Assessment of the explanation for the selection of the information: Mark Description Level 4: Strong Response 4 marks Clear, reasoned and developed explanation of how the answer/information may be used to help make a decision about whether or not to support the proposed project (often phrased as – if this information is given … then … I could decide to … because … ) Level 3: Reasonable Response 3 marks Some explanation of how the answer/information may be used to help make a decision about whether or not to support the proposed project; reasons may be stated simply and not developed/linked explicitly to issue. Level 2: Basic Response 2 marks Attempts to explain how the answer/information may be used to make a decision whether or not to support the proposed project but partial and/or generalised and/or lacks clarity. Level 1: Limited Response 1 marks Simple statement of information without explanation or linkage to the whether or not to support the proposed project. 0 marks No creditworthy material. Further Guidance Note that the questions should be focused on the issue of support for the proposal. Note also that candidates should ask for new or further development of information, not for information or arguments which have already been provided in the stimulus material.

Page 8 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2013 0457 33 8 3 Study Source 4. (a) Identify one opinion in Jakob’s blog post. Explain why you think it is an opinion. [3] Indicative content • Opinion - a personal view or attitude or perspective or belief; judgment or belief not founded on certainty or proof or evidence Examples of opinions in Jakob’s blog post are: • I believe we need to reduce water pollution (to avoid a water shortage) • The main problem we face is not a shortage of water but a shortage of clean drinking water • Other reasonable response Mark Performance Descriptors Level 3: 3 marks Strong Response Clear explanation of why the statement is an opinion showing strong understanding e.g. it’s an opinion because Jakob is making a claim about the water shortages that is a personal point of view OR it’s an opinion because it cannot be proved Level 2: 2 marks Reasonable Response Clear explanation of why the statement is an opinion or a prediction i.e. only one aspect is addressed or only one aspect is clearly understood and explained. e.g. it’s an opinion because Jakob is making a claim about the water shortages Level 1: 1 mark Basic Response Identifies an opinion but the explanation is unclear and does not demonstrate understanding e.g. it is an opinion because it’s what Jakob says 0 No creditworthy material.

Page 9 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2013 0457 33 9 (b) Natalia’s dad ‘read somewhere that the average person in the developing world only has 10 litres of water every day for drinking, washing and cooking.’ How reliable is this information? Explain your answer. [3] Indicative Content The following evaluative points are likely to be made: • Source is not cited or clear • Source may not be accurate • The evidence for the statement within the source is not clear • Dad may have misinterpreted the source • There is some link to the argument/issue • Some evidence provided even if weak or tenuous • Other reasonable response Level and Marks Description of Level L4: Strong Response 3 marks Clearly reasoned, credible and structured evaluation; usually at least 2 developed arguments clearly linked to the issue or a wide range (3/4) of undeveloped reasons. Evaluation is clearly focussed upon the argument/evidence, its strengths and weaknesses, and the way it is used to support the opinion. The response is balanced. A convincing overall assessment or conclusion is reached. L3: Reasonable Response 2 marks Some reasonable evaluation mainly focussed upon the argument/evidence, its strengths and weaknesses, and the way it is used to support the opinion. The response is likely to contain at least 1/2 developed evaluative points, usually with 1/2 other undeveloped points. A range (2/3) of brief but clearly appropriate undeveloped points may be sufficient to enter this band. An overall assessment or conclusion is attempted. L2: Basic Response 1 mark Some basic evaluation which is often unsupported and asserted. The response lacks clarity, is partial and generalised. The response is likely to contain 1/2 undeveloped points only. An overall assessment or conclusion is very weak, asserted and unconvincing, or not attempted. The response is likely to repeat/recycle the opinion or simply assert agreement/disagreement with the views expressed. The response may not contain any clear evaluative points. The response is likely to be tangential to the question. 0 No relevant or creditworthy material

Page 10 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2013 0457 33 10 (c) Whose reasoning works better, Heba’s or Samuel’s? [12] In your answer you should support your point of view with their words and phrases and you may consider: • the reliability of their knowledge claims; • how reasonable their opinions are; • the likeliness of any consequences they predict; • whether you accept their values and why; • any other relevant issues. Indicative Content Candidates are expected to evaluate the reasoning in the two statements and compare their effectiveness. They should make a supported judgement with some explanation about which person has the most effective reasoning. Candidates may consider the following types of issue: • quality of the argument - clarity - tone – emotive; exaggerated; precise - language - balance • quality of the evidence - relevance - sufficiency – sample - source – media; radio - date – how recent - factual, opinion, value, anecdote - testimony – from experience and expert • knowledge claims • ability to see • sources of bias - gender - political - personal values - experience • likelihood of solutions working and consequences of their ideas • acceptability of their values to others - how likely other people are to agree with their perspective/view

Page 11 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2013 0457 33 11 The following levels of response should be used to award marks: Level and Marks Description of Level L5: Very Good Response 11–12 marks Clear, credible and well supported judgements about which reasoning works better. Coherent, structured evaluation of how well the reasoning works for both statements with clear comparison. The response is likely to contain at least 3 developed evaluative points, possibly with some undeveloped points. The response is balanced. A clear assessment or conclusion is reached. Explicit, balanced evaluation of both statements. L4: Strong Response 8–10 marks Clear, supported judgements about which reasoning works better. Evaluation of how well the reasoning works for both statements with clear comparison. The response is likely to contain at least 2 developed evaluative points, possibly with 1/2 undeveloped points. A range (3/4+) of brief but clearly appropriate/explained undeveloped points may be sufficient to enter this band at the lower level. The response is balanced. An overall assessment or conclusion is reached. Explicit, balanced evaluation of both statements. L3: Reasonable Response 5–7 marks Reasonable judgements about which reasoning works better. Some evaluation of how well the reasoning works for both statements with an attempt at comparison. Judgements and evaluative points are likely to be partially supported or asserted. The response is likely to contain at least 1 developed evaluative points, possibly with 1/2 undeveloped points; 2/3 brief undeveloped points may be sufficient to enter this band at the lower level. An attempt is made to give an overall assessment or conclusion. L2: Basic Response 3–4 marks Basic examination of which reasoning works better. The response may only consider one of the statements with little if any attempt at comparison. Judgements and evaluative points are likely to be partially supported or asserted, and lack clarity/relevance at times. The response is likely to contain at least 1/2 undeveloped evaluative points. L1: Limited Response 1–2 marks Limited, if any, unsupported discussion of which reasoning works better. The response is likely to consider only one of the statements very briefly or tangentially. There is very little clarity in the argument. The response is likely to repeat the arguments simply or assert agreement/disagreement with the views expressed. The response may not contain any clear evaluative points. 0 No relevant or creditworthy material

Page 12 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2013 0457 33 12 4 Do you think the water shortage problem is most likely to be resolved by global or individual action? [18] In your answer you should: • state your conclusion; • give reasons for your opinion; • use relevant examples to support your opinion (you may use your own experience); • show that you have considered different points of view; • explain why you disagree with some of these points of view. Indicative Content Candidates are expected to argue using reasons and evidence to justify their opinion and judgement about the issue i.e. to compare and assess the effectiveness of different levels of action to help increase supply of water. Candidates are expected to use and develop the material found in the Sources, but should go beyond simply repeating or recycling without adaptation. Other material may be introduced but it is not necessary to gain full marks. Candidates are likely to consider the following arguments: • reference to scale of impact on individual/group/governmental/global behaviour/actions • how long it takes to make a difference • the effects of cultural differences and beliefs • barriers to change • the power of collective action • the difficulties of changing individual behaviour • the influence of individuals and groups acting locally • the role of vested interests and power differences • potential conflict • difficulties in coordinating globally and across different countries with independence • cost and access to resources to implement change • governmental responses and action • other reasonable response

Page 13 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – October/November 2013 0457 33 13 The following levels of response should be used to award marks. Level and Marks Description of Level L5: Very Good Response 16–18 marks Clear, well supported and logical reasoning about the issue. Coherent and well-structured argument. The response is likely to contain a wide range of clearly reasoned arguments and/or evidence to support the views expressed, with at least 3/4 developed points, and some undeveloped points. The response is balanced. A clear, balanced and credible assessment or conclusion is reached. Explicit evaluation of both levels of action. Lower in the band a greater proportion of arguments will be left undeveloped. L4: Strong Response 12–15 marks Clear, supported reasoning about the issue. Clear argument and some structure. The response is likely to contain a range of reasoned arguments and/or evidence to support the views expressed, with at least 2/3 developed points, and some undeveloped points. The response is balanced. An assessment or conclusion is reached. Explicit evaluation of both levels of action. Lower in the band a greater proportion of arguments will be left undeveloped. L3: Reasonable Response 8–11 marks Reasonable argument about the issue. The response is likely to contain some arguments and/or evidence to support the views expressed, with at least 1 developed point, and some undeveloped points. An assessment or conclusion is attempted but may not be convincing. Lower in the band some arguments may begin to lack clarity, and/or be partial and generalised. L2: Basic Response 4–7 marks Basic argument about the issue. Arguments are unlikely to be supported and mainly asserted. Arguments lack clarity at times and there is no apparent structure. The response is likely to contain only 1/2 undeveloped points. Judgements are likely to be implicit without a conclusion. Lower in the band the arguments are likely to be generalised, partial and lack relevance to the issue with a descriptive approach. L1: Limited Response 1–3 marks Limited and unsupported argument about the issue with very little clarity. The response describes the issue very generally and tangentially. The response is partial and lacking in relevance. 0 No relevant or creditworthy material