Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise 0454 — 2025 Oct/Nov Paper 1 · Variant 1

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated. [Turn over Cambridge IGCSE™ * 8 6 8 1 4 3 4 8 3 2 * ENTERPRISE 0454/11 Paper 1 October/November 2025 1 hour 30 minutes You must answer on the question paper. You will need: Insert (enclosed) INSTRUCTIONS ● Answer all questions. ● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. ● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page. ● Write your answer to each question in the space provided. ● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid. ● Do not write on any bar codes. INFORMATION ● The total mark for this paper is 100. ● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ]. ● You should have received a copy of the case study before the examination. A copy of the case study is provided with this question paper as an insert. DC (DE) 340900/3 © UCLES 2025 ,










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2 0454/11/O/N/25 © UCLES 2025 Section A Answer all questions. 1 Maria is unsure if she should become an entrepreneur. (a) Define the term entrepreneur. … … [2] (b) Explain how an entrepreneur you have studied used two enterprise skills. Use an example to support each answer. Entrepreneur … Skill 1 … … … … Skill 2 … … … … [4] (c) Define the term regulation. … … … … [2] (d) Explain one reason why regulations are needed in employment. … … … … [2] [Total: 10] * 0000800000002 * ,










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3 0454/11/O/N/25 © UCLES 2025 [Turn over 2 Yan asked Maria if she had considered applying for a government enterprise grant. (a) Explain one reason a government would offer an enterprise grant. … … … … [2] (b) Explain one disadvantage to Maria of using a government enterprise grant. … … … … … … [3] (c) Using Table 1, calculate the total interest for one year for a loan of $1300. Show your working. … … … Total interest … [2] (d) Calculate the number of personal training hours that Maria must work to break even if the costs are $1300. Show your working. … … … … … Number of hours … [3] [Total: 10] * 0000800000003 * ,










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4 0454/11/O/N/25 © UCLES 2025 3 Maria wondered if setting up a new enterprise would be worth the risk. (a) Complete the following sentences by inserting one word from the list in each space: • averse • believer • keen • reducer. (i) Risk … people will avoid any possibility of risk. [1] (ii) Risk … people will accept a certain level of risk. [1] (b) Explain how you managed two risks during your enterprise project. Include the outcome of each action. Risk 1 … … Action … … Outcome … … Risk 2 … … Action … … Outcome … … [6] (c) Explain one possible objective for Maria’s enterprise. … … … … [2] [Total: 10] * 0000800000004 * ,










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5 0454/11/O/N/25 © UCLES 2025 [Turn over 4 Maria had a formal meeting with the bank manager to ask for advice. He explained the importance of a business plan. (a) Explain how two documents help to improve the effectiveness of meetings. Document 1 … … … … Document 2 … … … … [4] (b) Explain one planning document used in an enterprise, other than a business plan. … … … … [2] (c) Explain the help offered by two non-financial sources of support in your enterprise project. Source 1 … … … … Source 2 … … … … [4] [Total: 10] * 0000800000005 * ,










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6 0454/11/O/N/25 © UCLES 2025 5 Maria had completed some market research but had not considered the marketing of her proposed new enterprise. (a) Explain one problem with the market research that Maria completed. … … … … … … [2] (b) Explain one benefit of marketing to Maria’s enterprise. … … … … [2] (c) Justify two marketing communications that would be suitable for Maria’s enterprise. 1 … … … … … … 2 … … … … … … [6] [Total: 10] * 0000800000006 * ,










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7 0454/11/O/N/25 © UCLES 2025 [Turn over Section B Answer all questions. 6 (a) The bank manager asked Maria to produce a business plan. Analyse two ways that producing a business plan would assist Maria in her new enterprise. Use examples from the case study to support your answer. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … [10] * 0000800000007 * ,










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8 0454/11/O/N/25 © UCLES 2025 (b) Maria is considering two personal trainer courses: • full-time at the local college • part-time completed online. Evaluate which is the better course for Maria to choose. You should consider the costs and benefits of each course in your answer. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … * 0000800000008 * ,










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11 0454/11/O/N/25 © UCLES 2025 [Turn over 7 Now consider your enterprise project. (a) Analyse the success of two methods that were used to choose your enterprise project. Use examples to support your answer. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … [10] * 0000800000011 * ,









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12 0454/11/O/N/25 © UCLES 2025 (b) Enterprises can be organised as different types of business organisation. These include: • sole traders • partnerships • limited companies • social enterprises. Evaluate the most suitable type of business organisation for your enterprise project. Justify your answer, including why you rejected one other type of business organisation. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … * 0000800000012 * ,









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16 0454/11/O/N/25 © UCLES 2025 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series. Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge. BLANK PAGE * 0000800000016 * ,









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This document consists of 22 printed pages. © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 [Turn over Cambridge IGCSE™ ENTERPRISE 0454/11 Paper 1 Case Study October/November 2025 MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 100 Published This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2025 series for most Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge International A and AS Level components, and some Cambridge O Level components.

0454/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 2 of 22 Generic Marking Principles These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alon gside the specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptions for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking principles. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1: Marks must be awarded in line with: • the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question • the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question • the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2: Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions). GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3: Marks must be awarded positively: • marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate • marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do • marks are not deducted for errors • marks are not deducted for omissions • answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4: Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level descriptors.

0454/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 3 of 22 GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5: Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen). GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6: Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thre sholds or grade descriptors in mind.

0454/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 4 of 22 Social Science-Specific Marking Principles (for point-based marking) 1 Components using point-based marking: • Point marking is often used to reward knowledge, understanding and application of skills. We give credit where the candidate’s answer shows relevant knowledge, understanding and application of skills in answering the question. We do not give credit where the answer shows confusion. From this it follows that we: a DO credit answers which are worded differently from the mark scheme if they clearly convey the same meaning (unless the mark scheme requires a specific term) b DO credit alternative answers/examples which are not written in the mark scheme if they are correct c DO credit answers where candidates give more than one correct answer in one prompt/numbered/scaffolded space where extended writing is required rather than list-type answers. For example, questions that require n reasons (e.g. State two reasons …). d DO NOT credit answers simply for using a ‘key term’ unless that is all that is required. (Check for evidence it is understood and not used wrongly.) e DO NOT credit answers which are obviously self-contradicting or trying to cover all possibilities f DO NOT give further credit for what is effectively repetition of a correct point already credited unless the language itself is being tested. This applies equally to ‘mirror statements’ (i.e. polluted/not polluted). g DO NOT require spellings to be correct, unless this is part of the test. However spellings of syllabus terms must allow for clear and unambiguous separation from other syllabus terms with which they may be confused (e.g. Corrasion/Corrosion) 2 Presentation of mark scheme: • Slashes (/) or the word ‘or’ separate alternative ways of making the same point. • Semi colons (;) bullet points (•) or figures in brackets (1) separate different points. • Content in the answer column in brackets is for examiner information/context to clarify the marking but is not required to earn the mark (except Accounting syllabuses where they indicate negative numbers).

0454/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 5 of 22 3 Calculation questions: • The mark scheme will show the steps in the most likely correct method(s), the mark for each step, the correct answer(s) and the mark for each answer • If working/explanation is considered essential for full credit, this will be indicated in the question paper and in the mark scheme. In all other instances, the correct answer to a calculation should be given full credit, even if no supporting working is shown. • Where the candidate uses a valid method which is not covered by the mark scheme, award equivalent marks for reaching equivale nt stages. • Where an answer makes use of a candidate’s own incorrect figure from previous working, the ‘own figure rule’ applies: full marks will be given if a correct and complete method is used. Further guidance will be included in the mark scheme where necessary an d any exceptions to this general principle will be noted. 4 Annotation: • For point marking, ticks can be used to indicate correct answers and crosses can be used to indicate wrong answers. There is no direct relationship between ticks and marks. Ticks have no defined meaning for levels of response marking. • For levels of response marking, the level awarded should be annotated on the script. • Other annotations will be used by examiners as agreed during standardisation, and the meaning will be understood by all examiners who marked that paper.

0454/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 6 of 22 Annotations guidance for centres Examiners use a system of annotations as a shorthand for communicating their marking decisions to one another. Examiners are trained during the standardisation process on how and when to use annotations. The purpose of annotations is to inform the standard isation and monitoring processes and guide the supervising examiners when they are checking the work of examiners within their team. The meaning of annotations and how they are used is specific to each component and is understood by all examiners who mark the component. We publish annotations in our mark schemes to help centres understand the annotations they may see on copies of scripts. Note that there may not be a direct correlation between the number of annotations on a script and the mark awarded. Similarly, the use of an annotation may not be an indication of the quality of the response. The annotations listed below were available to examiners marking this component in this series. Annotations Annotation Meaning Correct point Development of point Incorrect point Level one/Level two/Level three/Level four Benefit of doubt Own figure rule Not answered question Repeat Indicates that the point has been notes, but no credit has been given Too vague

0454/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 7 of 22 Question Answer Marks Guidance 1(a) Define the term entrepreneur. Precise definition [2] Partial definition showing some understanding [1] Answers may include: • A person who starts/creates a business or enterprise [2] • An individual who is willing to take the initiative to start a business/enterprise [2] • A person who combines factors of production in order to make a profit [2] • A person willing to take risks in order to gain profit or make a difference in the world [2] • Someone who takes initiative/risks [1] • A person who shows enterprise skills [1] 2 AO1–2 1(b) Explain how an entrepreneur you have studied used two enterprise skills. Use an example to support each answer. Each point should be marked as follows: Identification of an enterprise skill [1] Application showing how the entrepreneur used the skill [+1] Max 2 with no named entrepreneur that has been studied Example: Elon Musk problem-solving [1] when he developed the new electronic engine for his cars. [+1] 4 AO1–2 AO2–2

0454/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 8 of 22 Question Answer Marks Guidance 1(c) Define the term regulation. Precise definition [2] Partial definition showing some understanding [1] Answers may include: • A rule set by an authority/government [2] • Rules which must/need to be followed [2] • Rules/controls [1] 2 AO1–2 1(d) Explain one reason why regulations are needed in employment. Identification of a reason [1] Explanation showing understanding [+1] Answers may include: • protect employees concerning health and safety • ensure employees are treated fairly • stop discrimination • ensure employees’ rights are given/protected • protect the employer from the risk of legal action • to ensure the enterprise follows the laws Example: To ensure employees are treated fairly [1] and cannot be dismissed without reason [+1] 2 AO1–2

0454/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 9 of 22 Question Answer Marks Guidance 2(a) Explain one reason a government would offer an enterprise grant. Identification of a reasons [1] Explanation showing understanding [+1] Answers may include: • to encourage the production of a good or service [1] which benefits the community/ growth[+1] • to help disadvantaged groups(young people) to start an enterprise[1] • create jobs[1] • to start a specific project[1] • to ensure that an enterprise can continue[1] Example: Help people who struggle to start an enterprise [1] such as young people who do not qualify for bank loans[+1] To create jobs [1] because there is high unemployment in an area/country [+1] 2 AO1–2 2(b) Explain one disadvantage to Maria of using a government enterprise grant. Identification of a disadvantage [1] Explanation showing understanding [+1] Application to case study [1] Answers may include: • the application process may be difficult • may come with conditions which must be followed • can only be spent on the specific project • may require repayment if rules not followed • can be a very small/insufficient/limited amount of finance • may take time to be available/be received Example: The grant may come with conditions [1] if she does not use it for college fees [1] she may have to repay the grant [+1] 3 AO1–1 AO2–1 AO3–1

0454/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 10 of 22 Question Answer Marks Guidance 2(c) Using Table 1, calculate the total interest for one year for a loan of $1300. Show your working. $65 [2] If the answer is incorrect [1] can be awarded for: 5% of $1300 OR 0.05  1300 2 AO1–1 AO2–1 2(d) Calculate the number of personal training hours that Maria must work to break even, if the costs are $1300. Show your working. 65 hours [3] OR 69 hours [3] with bank loan interest If answer is incorrect marks can be awarded for: 1300/20 [2] Or 1365/20 [2] with bank loan interest OR Break even formula = Fixed costs /contribution [1] OR Fixed costs /(Price – variable cost) [1] 3 AO1–1 AO2–1 AO3–1

0454/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 11 of 22 Question Answer Marks Guidance 3(a) Complete the following sentences by inserting one word from the list in each space: • averse • believer • keen • reducer. (i) Risk averse people will avoid any possibility of risk. [1] (ii) Risk reducer people will accept a certain level of risk.[1] 2 AO1–2 3(b) Explain how you managed two risks during your enterprise project. Include the outcome of each action. Identification of a way to manage risk [1] Explanation of the outcome of the action [+1] Application to own enterprise experience [1] Answers may include: • complete a risk assessment/planning • research/found local supplier • mitigating the risk • producing a budget • transfer the risk to others Example: We completed a risk assessment of the weather[1] and choose an indoor location [+1] for the hotdog stall [1] 6 AO1–2 AO2–2 AO3–2

0454/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 12 of 22 Question Answer Marks Guidance 3(c) Explain one possible objective for Maria’s enterprise. Identification of an enterprise objective [1] Explanation showing why this is suitable for Maria’s enterprise [+1] Answers may include: • survival • break even • establish the enterprise/ gain customers • increase sales revenue • make a profit • social objective • offer quality good or service Example: Establish the enterprise [1] as Maria is a new entrepreneurs/just starting the enterprise. [+1] 2 AO1–1 AO2–1

0454/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 13 of 22 Question Answer Marks Guidance 4(a) Explain how two documents help to improve the effectiveness of meetings. Each document should be marked as follows: Identification of a document [1] Explanation of how it improves effectiveness [+1] Answers may include: • Notice of meeting/ meeting invitation • Agenda • Minutes • Business plan/financial document – (must relate to Maria’s meeting for the second mark) Example: Providing a notice of the meeting [1] would ensure everyone knew when to arrive and what to bring.[+1] Accept answer which relate to the case study meeting: Business plan/any financial document[1] would help the bank manager make decisions/to see if the enterprise could be successful [+1] 4 AO1–4 4(b) Explain one planning document used in an enterprise, other than a business plan. Identification of planning document [1] Explanation showing contents /how this is used [+1] Answers may include: • Action plan • Negotiation plan • Cash flow forecasts Example: The action plan [1] acts as a checklist for completion of tasks .[+1] 2 AO1–2

0454/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 14 of 22 Question Answer Marks Guidance 4(c) Explain the help offered by two non-financial sources of support in your enterprise project. Each point should be marked as follows: Identification of a source [1] Explanation showing the help offered to their own enterprise. [+1] Answers may include: • Government/business agencies • Consultants • Charities • Teachers • Business networks • Other entrepreneurs • Friends and family Example: The enterprise students from the year above [1] gave advice on how to make smoothies [+1] 4 AO1–2 AO2–2

0454/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 15 of 22 Question Answer Marks Guidance 5(a) Explain one problem with the market research that Maria completed. Identification of a problem with Maria’s research [1] Explanation showing why this was a problem [+1] Answers may include: • Maria completed only secondary /did not complete primary • Has no information on potential customer wants/needs • Maria researched online • She appears to have only used one site • Relied on Yan for the qualifications Examples: Maria used secondary research [1] this data may be outdated or not relevant to her situation [+] As Maria chose online research [1], she could not ask specific questions about which course was best for her [+1] 2 AO1–1 AO2–1 5(b) Explain one benefit of marketing to Maria’s enterprise. Identification of a benefit [1] Application to Maria’s enterprise [+1] Answers may include: • Increases customer awareness • Helps establish brand loyalty • Increases sales • Increases market share Example: Customers will become aware of Maria’s enterprise [1] therefore she is more likely to gain customers for personal training services. [+1] 2 AO1–1 AO2–1

0454/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 16 of 22 Question Answer Marks Guidance 5(c) Justify two marketing communications that would be suitable for Maria’s enterprise. Each communication should be marked as follows: Identification of a marketing communication [1] Explanation showing why suitable [+1] Application to Maria’s enterprise [1] Answers may include: • Television, radio, cinema, newspapers, magazines • Posters, leaflets • Online communication including social media or example sites • Word of mouth, announcements • Sponsorship • Business cards Example: Maria could use a poster[1] placed at the reception desk of the gym [1] would attract the attention of her target audience [+1] 6 AO1–2 AO2–2 AO3–2

0454/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 17 of 22 Question Answer Marks Guidance 6(a) The bank manager asked Maria to produce a business plan. Analyse two ways that producing a business plan would assist Maria in her new enterprise. Use examples from the case study to support your answer. Level Description Mark 3 Good analysis consistently applied to the case study Demonstrates good knowledge of concepts 8–10 2 Some analysis supported by good application to the case study Demonstrates knowledge of concepts 4–7 1 Limited application to the case study Demonstrates knowledge of concepts 1–3 0 No creditable response 0 Knowledge may include: • definition of a business plan and /or its contents • general advantages/disadvantages of producing a plan Phrases which demonstrate some analysis may include: Completing the business plan would help Maria to obtain the bank loan she needs. Can help her to gain the government grant she is applying for. Phrases which demonstrate good analysis will explain the impact of this document on the enterprise. These may include: Completing the business plan would help Maria to obtain a bank loan as the bank manager would be able to assess if she could afford to make the repayments. 10 The grade descriptions describe performance at the top of the band.

0454/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 18 of 22 Question Answer Marks Guidance 6(b) Maria is considering two personal trainer courses: • full-time at the local college • part-time completed online. Evaluate which is the better course for Maria to choose. You should consider the costs and benefits of each course in your answer. Level Description Mark 4 Clear reasoned evaluation is present Good analysis applied consistently to the case study Demonstrates good knowledge of relevant concepts 12–15 3 Good analysis applied consistently to the case study is leading to evaluation Demonstrates knowledge of relevant concepts 8–11 2 Some application to the case study supported by some analysis Demonstrates knowledge of relevant concepts. 4–7 1 Limited application to the case study Demonstrates some knowledge of relevant concepts. 1–3 0 No creditable response 0 Knowledge may include: • General benefits/disadvantages of full-time versus part time education e.g. cannot work and study/more expensive. Phrases which demonstrate some analysis may include: Maria will have to give up her job in the sports shop or take a holiday if she chooses to complete the full-time course. 15 The grade descriptions describe performance at the top of the band.

0454/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 19 of 22 Question Answer Marks Guidance 6(b) Phrases which demonstrate good analysis will explain the likely impact of the choice on the enterprise. These may include: Maria will have to give up her job in the sports shop if she chooses to complete the full-time course. She will therefore lose income and may find it difficult to pay for the course/living expenses /will need a loan. As the full time course is shorter, she would be able to start her enterprise quicker. Evaluation may be shown by a two-sided approach considering the negative aspects of each choice.

0454/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 20 of 22 Question Answer Marks Guidance 7(a) Analyse the success of two methods that were used to choose your enterprise project. Use examples to support your answer. Level Description Mark 3 Good analysis consistently applied to their own enterprise experience. Demonstrates good knowledge of concepts 8–10 2 Some analysis supported by good application to their own enterprise experience. Demonstrates knowledge of concepts 4–7 1 Limited application to their own enterprise experience. Demonstrates knowledge of concepts 1–3 0 No creditable response 0 Knowledge may include: • description of methods of choosing a project such as, identifying our skills, research, risk assessments, cost, time it would take • general advantages and disadvantages of the methods • the stages of the enterprise process. Phrases which demonstrate some analysis may include: • The information found from the method • Research showed that the mocktails would be popular with the students I asked and sell many units. Phrases which demonstrate good analysis will explain the impact (reliability or not) of the method on the enterprise. These may include: I asked 100 students my survey about mocktails so the information was reliable and helped me to decide mocktails rather than the jewellery students did not want. The grade descriptions describe performance at the top of the band.

0454/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 21 of 22 Question Answer Marks Guidance 7(b) Enterprises can be organised as different types of business organisation. These include: • sole traders • partnerships • limited companies • social enterprises. Evaluate the most suitable type of business organisation for your enterprise project. Justify your answer, including why you rejected one other type of business organisation. Level Description Mark 4 Clear reasoned evaluation is present Good analysis applied consistently to their enterprise Demonstrates good knowledge of relevant concepts 12–15 3 Good analysis applied consistently to their enterprise is leading to evaluation Demonstrates knowledge of relevant concepts 8–11 2 Some application to their enterprise supported by some analysis Demonstrates knowledge of relevant concepts 4–7 1 Limited application to their enterprise Demonstrates some knowledge of relevant concepts 1–3 0 No creditable response 0 Knowledge may include: • description of any business organisation 15 The grade descriptions describe performance at the top of the band.

0454/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2025 © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2025 Page 22 of 22 Question Answer Marks Guidance 7(b) Phrases which demonstrate some analysis may include: • explaining the impact of unlimited liability • generalised explanation of the impact of the advantage/disadvantages • advantage/disadvantage applied to their enterprise. Phrases which demonstrate good analysis will explain the impact of the organisation type on the enterprise. These may include: By having a partner, we could each do different tasks, she dealt with the customers, and I made the smoothies (L2), therefore we could serve more customers (L3) Evaluation may be shown by a two-sided approach considering the negative aspects of each choice.