Cambridge IGCSE English - Second Language (oral endorsement) 0510 — 2017 Oct/Nov Paper 1 · Variant 1

This document consists of 13 printed pages and 3 blank pages. DC (NH/FC) 135223/3 © UCLES 2017 [Turn over * 0 5 0 4 6 7 7 1 3 8 * ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE 0510/11 Paper 1 Reading and Writing (Core) October/November 2017 1 hour 30 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. Dictionaries are not allowed. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

2 0510/11/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 Exercise 1 Read the leaflet about volunteering for archaeological work, and then answer the following questions. Volunteering for archaeological work How do we know what human life was like hundreds or even thousands of years ago? We know a lot because of archaeologists, who dig up and study the remains of ancient buildings, tools and other objects. They are often helped by volunteers, people who work without being paid. Why volunteer? People volunteer for various reasons. One is to have an unusual family holiday. Another, which is mentioned more than any other, is to learn about the past. Some people want to see if archaeology would be an interesting career. Whatever the reason, it can be a wonderful experience for people of all ages. Finding an archaeological project Many archaeologists encourage volunteers. Volunteering is seen as a way to raise public awareness of archaeology and previous experience is not always necessary. Also, the extra workers help to speed up the project. There are various ways of finding volunteer work, and your best chance is with universities, which usually run a number of projects for students and non-students. Museums also sometimes take volunteers for special projects, and archaeological associations give useful information on opportunities available. You should arrange volunteer work in advance. There are legal reasons why project directors can find it impossible to give you work if you just turn up unexpectedly. Preparing to volunteer When a project has accepted you, there are various things to think about including these obvious points. Firstly, there’s the cost, as volunteers usually pay for accommodation, food and travel. You will also need a strong pair of boots, good work gloves and a sun-hat for outside work. Old clothes are also recommended. You will probably be doing work which is exhausting. You don’t need to be an athlete, but people often don’t remember, or don’t realise, the level of fitness required – make sure you’re ready physically. On site Projects usually take place during the summer and because it may be impossible to work outside in the middle of the day, they generally start very early in the morning. This can be challenging at first, but you have to get used to it. You’ll be in a team led by a trained archaeologist and you’ll probably be using a range of tools to dig and move earth. As with most outdoor activities, there are risks involved, but in order to avoid accidents, a ‘tool talk’ is given to everyone on the site. No-one can predict exactly what you might discover. One volunteer recently uncovered a box full of beautiful 1000-year-old jewellery. Volunteers often come across ancient coins, although pieces of old pots are dug up more than anything else. Most volunteers love the experience, but it’s good to be prepared.

3 0510/11/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 [Turn over (a) What is the most common reason for volunteering to do archaeological work? …[1] (b) Why do archaeologists often welcome volunteers? Give two details. … …[2] (c) Which organisations offer most archaeological work to volunteers? …[1] (d) What sometimes prevents archaeologists from accepting volunteers who arrive at a site without warning? …[1] (e) What do some volunteers forget about when they are preparing to do archaeological work? …[1] (f) How do archaeologists make sure that people on site work safely? …[1] [Total: 7]

4 0510/11/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 Exercise 2 Read the article about a tree called the mountain ash, and then answer the following questions. The mountain ash tree I have come to a forest on the Australian island of Tasmania and I am near the top of a mountain ash, one of the tallest trees on earth. I’m here with some scientists who are taking measurements of the tree, and collecting information about the wildlife which lives in it. The insects, possums, reptiles, and even frogs which are found in the treetops rely on rainwater which collects in holes in the tree trunk. One of the scientists, Pete Douglas, suddenly shouts: “There’s a huge hole here full of rainwater! This is the perfect place to observe the wildlife.” We all make our way towards Pete’s discovery. Today is windless and dry, which means that the trunk of the mountain ash tree is its usual whitish-grey colour. In wet weather, however, the tree trunk turns bright green. There are over 140 mountain ash trees more than 85 metres tall in Tasmania, and the one we are climbing is almost 90 metres tall, the height of a thirty-storey building. However, these trees are not as tall as some of the North American giant redwoods, and neither do they live as long – 400 rather than 3000 years – but they are the tallest flowering trees on earth. Most mountain ash trees, however, seem to have a natural height limit. There is a point where they find it difficult to go any further up, and grow wider instead. A tree needs energy to grow taller, and the leaves in the treetop are very important because they absorb energy from sunlight. Treetop leaves also need water, however. The taller a tree is, the harder it becomes for the tree to pull up enough water from the ground to feed those leaves, and they grow less. As a result of this, they capture less energy from the sun, which in turn slows the tree’s growth. One of my fellow climbers, Laura Potter, has been looking closely at the leaves growing at the top of the tree that we are climbing. “The leaves are quite large,” she says. “That’s not what I expected to find, which might mean that the tree hasn’t yet reached its peak height.” Mountain ash trees often die from forest fires before they reach their full height, whereas giant redwoods which are affected by fire grow new branches. Redwoods are also able to produce chemicals that resist diseases. Mountain ash trees, on the other hand, cannot protect themselves like that, and diseases often kill them. The biggest threat to mountain ash trees in the last 200 years, however, has been humans. Logging companies have cut down huge areas of mountain ash forests in order to provide wood for building and other purposes. Moreover, logging businesses in the 19th and 20th centuries generally chose to cut down the giant trees first because these provided more wood. Surprisingly, Pete Douglas and his colleagues are not pessimistic about the future of the tallest mountain ash trees. “Large areas where they grow are now protected by state regulations,” says Pete. Unfortunately, several logging companies have continued to cut down mountain ash trees in unprotected areas. However, even this is changing. Falling prices for mountain ash wood mean that some businesses are abandoning their activities. Pressure from environmental organisations is also forcing them to look for more sustainable sources of wood. Climate change may also affect the mountain ash trees. Scientists don’t yet know, however, whether warmer temperatures will limit the growth of these trees or encourage them to get even taller. Only time will tell. 0 20 40 60 80 100 height in metres Hyperion, California, USA Stratosphere Giant, California, USA Centurion, Tasmania, Australia Icarus Dream, Tasmania, Australia Orokonui, New Zealand 120 140 115.5 m 112 m 99.6 m 97 m 80.5 m mountain ash giant redwood Tallest individual trees alive today

5 0510/11/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 [Turn over (a) Why is Pete Douglas pleased to find water near the top of the tree? …[1] (b) When does the trunk of the mountain ash tree change colour? …[1] (c) According to the chart, how high is the tallest mountain ash tree alive today? …[1] (d) What happens to mountain ash trees when they stop getting taller? …[1] (e) How does a shortage of water affect the leaves at the top of tall trees? Give two details. … …[2] (f) What has surprised Laura Potter about the tree that she is studying? …[1] (g) What is the most serious danger facing mountain ash trees? …[1] (h) How are governments helping to preserve mountain ash forests? …[1] (i) What factors are causing some companies to stop cutting down mountain ash trees? Give two details. … …[2] [Total: 11]

6 0510/11/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 Exercise 3 The Moonbeam Short Story Prize is an annual international competition open to young people between the ages of eleven and eighteen. It is similar to the Moonbeam Poetry Prize, and aims to encourage teenagers to write creatively. The competition is promoted in schools, and two teachers at Greengrove High School in Beach Lane, Exton, are keen for some of their students to enter. Ellie Donaldson, a girl in year 11, has written a story which her teachers think is very good. Two years ago when she was in year 9, Ellie won a writing competition called Young Writer Award, which was organised among schools in her town, with her story ‘Trust Me!’ Ellie, who is now sixteen and lives with her parents and two older sisters at 56 Harvey Gardens, Exton, EX8 2RJ, England has always enjoyed writing stories. For a long time, her stories were mainly about animals, but in the last two or three years, they have been set in a school like hers. The main character in ‘Trust Me!’ was Amy, who managed to persuade the head teacher of her school to allow students to keep goats and chickens in the school grounds. Her new story, ‘Let’s Go’, is based on a true story that Ellie read in a local newspaper. The main character is a boy called Ricky, who goes on a school trip, gets lost and has to find his own way home. When her teachers first mentioned entering the Moonbeam Short Story competition, Ellie wasn’t sure that it was a good idea. Entering a local competition was one thing, but competing for an international prize was different. Then, Ellie’s teachers pointed out to her that the five best stories would win cash prizes and the young writers would have the opportunity to meet one of the judges, the novelist Adam Reeves. The possibility of meeting him helped her to make up her mind; he is the best writer ever, in her opinion. Unfortunately, her story was 780 words long, and the competition limit was 600 words. Ellie has now reduced her story to 590 words and she is ready to complete the form for the competition. Imagine you are Ellie. Fill in the form, using the information above.

7 0510/11/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 [Turn over Moonbeam Short Story Prize Competition entry form Section A: Personal details Full name: … MALE / FEMALE (please delete) Age: … Address: … Name of current school: … School year: … Name of any previous competition entered: … Section B: Your entry for this competition Title: … Word length: … Where did you get the idea for the story? … Section C In the space below, write one sentence saying briefly what your story is about, and one sentence saying what made you decide to enter the competition. [Total: 14]

8 0510/11/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 Exercise 4 Read the article about Lion Encounter which offers people the chance to walk with young lions, and then complete the notes on the following page. Lion Encounter – walking with lions Mauritius is an island in the Indian Ocean, 2000 kilometres from Africa. It has no native lions, but it is one of the few places on earth where you can walk with them. The Casela Nature Park on the island includes a large area of woodland and grassland which is similar to the landscape that many lions inhabit in Africa. The park provides a home to young lions from various parts of Africa who would not survive in the wild because their mothers have abandoned them. Soon after I arrive, Graeme Bristow, the head of Lion Encounter, goes through some basic information and rules. The two lions we will walk with are both about 18 months old and are very excited to be let out into the open landscape. I feel very nervous when I first catch sight of them – they already weigh one hundred kilogrammes. Graeme and his assistants always accompany visitors on lion walks, and they ensure that all regulations are followed. You have to carry a large stick, which enables a young lion to understand its relationship with you. You do not normally use the stick to hit the lions, but it shows them who is in charge. During the walk, the lions behave like normal wild cats. They are incredibly agile and I watch one jump easily high up into the branches of a tree. We always have to stay behind them so they are in our sight. If we let them get behind us, they might well attack. Sometimes we get close enough to be able to touch them, but it must only be from the neck down – definitely not the head. After a while, I ask Graeme if I can lie on the ground to take a photograph of the lions. “Sure,” he jokes, “if you want it to be your last ever photo.” He’s only half-joking, however. Graeme says: “If lions see that you’re smaller than them, they may think you’re food.” This is why visitors are not allowed on the walk unless they are at least 1.50 metres tall. What’s more, if the lions decide to chase you, running won’t help because over short distances they can easily reach forty kilometres per hour. As I get into position to take the picture, Graeme and his assistant stand close by holding big sticks. Some people criticise projects like these. They say that close contact with humans is unnatural for wild animals, and point out that the animals in the park can never be returned to the wild. They argue that it is better to protect wild animals in their natural environment than in parks like these. Graeme Bristow admits that a park is not ideal, but he claims that seeing the lions close-up helps non-experts like me to understand them better. He is also confident that the experience of walking with lions encourages people to do more to help protect lions’ natural habitat. The rights and wrongs of projects like these are complex, but there is no doubt that walking with lions is a thrilling experience.

9 0510/11/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 [Turn over You are going to give a talk to your class about Lion Encounter. Prepare some notes to use as the basis for your talk. Make short notes under each heading. The young lions – some physical facts: • 18 months old • … • … • … Rules for visitors going on lion walks: • … • … Arguments supporting the Lion Encounter project: • … • … [Total: 7] Exercise 5 Imagine that you have given your talk to your class. Now your teacher has asked you to follow this up with a summary for the school website. Look at your notes in Exercise 4. Using the ideas in your notes, write a summary about the Lion Encounter project. Your summary should be about 70 words long (and no more than 80 words long). You should use your own words as far as possible. … … … … … … … … [Total: 5]

10 0510/11/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 Exercise 6 TAXI You have been saving money for something that you have wanted for a long time. Finally, you have been able to buy it. Write an email to a friend about your experience. In your email, you should: • say what you wanted to buy and why • explain how you managed to get the money you needed • describe how you feel now that you have got what you wanted. The pictures above may give you some ideas, and you should try to use some ideas of your own. Your email should be between 100 and 150 words long. You will receive up to 7 marks for the content of your email, and up to 6 marks for the style and accuracy of your language.

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12 0510/11/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 Exercise 7 There has been a lot of discussion on television recently about the value of studying science. Your teacher has asked you to write an article for the school magazine on this topic. Here are some comments that you have heard: I think science makes our lives better. People sometimes use science in the wrong way. Knowing about science leads us to so many different careers. Science is too complicated for me. Write an article for the magazine, giving your views. The comments above may give you some ideas, and you should try to use some ideas of your own. Your article should be between 100 and 150 words long. You will receive up to 7 marks for the content of your article, and up to 6 marks for the style and accuracy of your language.

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16 0510/11/O/N/17 © UCLES 2017 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. BLANK PAGE

® IGCSE is a registered trademark. This document consists of 10 printed pages. © UCLES 2017 [Turn over Cambridge Assessment International Education Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE 0510/11 Paper 1 Reading and Writing (Core) October/November 2017 MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 70 Published This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2017 series for most Cambridge IGCSE®, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level components.

0510/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 2 of 10 IGCSE English as a Second Language Core tier Reading/Writing (Paper 1) This component forms part of the Core tier assessment of IGCSE English as a Second Language and tests the following Assessment Objectives: AO1: Reading R1 identify and retrieve facts and details R2 understand and select relevant information R3 recognise, understand ideas, opinions and attitudes and the connections between the related ideas R4 understand what is implied but not actually written, e.g. gist, relationships, writer’s purpose/intention, writer’s feelings, situation or place AO2: Writing W1 communicate clearly, accurately and appropriately W2 convey information and express opinions effectively W3 employ and control a variety of grammatical structures W4 demonstrate knowledge and understanding of a range of appropriate vocabulary W5 observe conventions of paragraphing, punctuation and spelling W6 employ appropriate register/style Overview of exercises on Paper 1 Reading objectives tested Marks for reading objectives Writing objectives tested Marks for writing objectives Total available marks Exercise 1 Reading (1) R1 R2 7 – 7 Exercise 2 Reading (2) R1 R2 R4 11 – 11 Exercise 3 Information transfer R1, R2 10 W1, W5 4 14 Exercise 4 Note- making R1, R2, R3 7 – 7 Exercise 5 Summary – W1, W2, W3, W4, W5 5 5 Exercise 6 Writing (1) – W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6 13 13 Exercise 7 Writing (2) – W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6 13 13 70

0510/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 3 of 10 Question Answer Marks 1(a) learn about the past 1 1(b) raise awareness / public awareness AND speed (up project) / help ONE MARK FOR EACH CORRECT DETAIL 2 1(c) universities 1 1(d) legal reasons 1 1(e) (level of) fitness / being ready physically 1 1(f) ‘tool talk’ (given) 1 Question Answer Marks 2(a) (perfect place to observe) wildlife 1 2(b) wet weather / when it rains / when weather changes 1 2(c) 99.6 metres / 99.6 meters / 99.6 m 1 2(d) grow wide(r) 1 2(e) grow less / smaller AND capture less energy / less energy from the sun ONE MARK FOR EACH CORRECT DETAIL 2 2(f) leaves (quite) large / size of leaves 1 2(g) humans / logging / (trees) cut down 1 2(h) protected (areas) / (state) regulations 1 2(i) falling prices / lower prices AND (pressure from) environmental organisations / environmental concerns ONE MARK FOR EACH CORRECT DETAIL 2

0510/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 4 of 10 Question Answer Marks 3 Section A: Personal details Full name: Ellie Donaldson 1 MALE / FEMALE DELETE MALE 1 Age: 16 (years old / years / sixteen) 1 Address: 56 Harvey Gardens, Exton, EX8 2RJ, England 1 Name of current school: Greengrove High (School) 1 School Year: 11 / eleven 1 Name of previous competition entered: Young Writer Award 1 Section B: Your entry Title: Let’s Go 1 Word length: 590 (words) 1 Where did you get the idea for the story? (local) newspaper 1 Total Sections A and B: 10

0510/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 5 of 10 Question Answer Marks 3 Section C In the space below write one sentence saying briefly what your story is about and one sentence saying what made you decide to enter the competition. Sentences must be written from the point of view of Ellie. Sample sentence 1: A boy goes on a school trip, gets lost and has to find his own way home. allow any of the above details on their own Max 2 Sample sentence 2: I’d like to meet Adam Reeves who is my favourite writer. I would have the opportunity to meet Adam Reeves. My teachers told me I could win a cash prize. Max 2 For each sentence, award up to 2 marks as follows: 2 marks: proper sentence construction; correct spelling, punctuation and grammar; gives the information asked for 1 mark: proper sentence construction; 1–3 errors of punctuation / spelling / grammar (without obscuring meaning); gives the information asked for 0 marks: more than 3 errors of punctuation / spelling / grammar; and/or does not give the information asked for; and/or not a proper sentence; and/or meaning obscure Absence of a full stop at the end should be considered as 1 punctuation error. Absence of an upper case letter at the beginning should be considered as 1 punctuation error. Omission of a word in a sentence should be considered as 1 grammar error. Maximum total for Section C: 4

0510/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 6 of 10 Question Answer Marks 4 The young lions – some physical facts 1 100 kg 2 agile / jump easily 3 40 kph / fast Max 3 Rules for visitors going on lion walks 4 accompanied 5 carry stick 6 stay behind (lions) 7 touch (from) neck down / don’t touch head 8 at least 1.50 metres tall / taller than lion 9 do not lie down Max 2 Arguments supporting the Lion Encounter project 10 home to abandoned lions / abandoned lions would not survive 11 helps understand (lions) 12 encourages protection of habitats / encourages protection of lions in their environment 13. thrilling experience Max 2

0510/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 7 of 10 Question Answer Marks 5 Language: up to 5 marks 0 marks: no understanding of the task / no relevant content / meaning completely obscure due to serious language inaccuracies 1 mark: copying without discrimination from text / multiple language inaccuracies 2 marks: heavy reliance on language from the text with no attempt to organise and sequence points cohesively / limited language expression making meaning at times unclear 3 marks: some reliance on language from the text, but with an attempt to organise and sequence points cohesively / language satisfactory, but with some inaccuracies 4 marks: good attempt to use own words and to organise and sequence points cohesively / generally good control of language 5 marks: good, concise summary style / very good attempt to use own words and to organise and sequence points cohesively Max 5

0510/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 8 of 10 Question Answer Marks 6 Email 13 Question Answer Marks 7 Extended writing 13 The following general instructions, and table of marking criteria, apply to both exercises. 1 Award the answer a mark for content (C) [out of 7] and a mark for language (L) [out of 6] in accordance with the General Criteria table that follows. 2 Content covers relevance (i.e. whether the piece fulfils the task and the awareness of purpose/audience/register) and the development of ideas (i.e. the detail/explanation provided and how enjoyable it is to read). 3 Language covers style (i.e. complexity of vocabulary and sentence structure) and accuracy (of grammar, spelling, punctuation and use of paragraphs). 4 When deciding on a mark for content or language, first of all decide which mark band is most appropriate. There will not necessarily be an exact fit. Then decide between 2 marks within that mark band. Use the lower mark if it only just makes it into the band and the upper mark if it fulfils all the requirements of the band but doesn’t quite make it into the band above. 5 When deciding on a mark for content, look at both relevance and development of ideas. First ask yourself whether the writing fulfils the task, in terms of points to be covered and the length. If it does, it will be in the 4–5 mark band. 6 When deciding on a mark for language, look at both the style and the accuracy of the language. A useful starting point would be first to determine whether errors intrude. If they do not, it will be in the 4–5 mark band. 7 The use of paragraphs should not be the primary basis of deciding which mark band the work is in. Look first at the language used and decide on a mark, and if there are no paragraphs, deduct one mark. 8 If the essay is considerably shorter than the stated word length, fewer than 70 words, it should be put in mark band 2–3 for content or lower for not fulfilling the task. The language mark is likely to be affected and is unlikely to be more than one band higher than the content mark. 9 If the essay is totally irrelevant and has nothing to do with the question asked, it should be given 0 marks for Content and Language, even if it is enjoyable to read and fluent. 10 If the essay is partly relevant and therefore in mark band 2–3, the full range of marks for language is available.

0510/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 9 of 10 GENERAL CRITERIA FOR MARKING EXERCISES 6 AND 7 (Core Tier) Mark band CONTENT: relevance and development of ideas (AO: W1, W2, W6) Mark band LANGUAGE: style and accuracy (AO: W1, W3, W4, W5) 6–7 Effective: Relevance: Fulfils the task, with appropriate register and a good sense of purpose and audience. Award 7 marks. Fulfils the task, with appropriate register and some sense of purpose and audience. Award 6 marks. Development of ideas: Ideas are developed at appropriate length. Engages reader’s interest. 6 Competent: Style: Sentences show some style and ambitious language. However, there may be some awkwardness making reading less enjoyable. Award 6 marks. Accuracy: Generally accurate with frustrating errors. Appropriate use of paragraphing. Award 6 marks. 4–5 Largely relevant: Relevance: Fulfils the task. A satisfactory attempt has been made to address the topic, but there may be digressions. Award 5 marks. Does not quite fulfil the task although there are some positive qualities. There may be digressions. Award 4 marks. Development of ideas: Material is satisfactorily developed at appropriate length. 4–5 Satisfactory: Style: Mainly simple structures and vocabulary but sometimes attempting a wider range of language. Award 5 marks. Mainly simple structures and vocabulary. Award 4 marks. Accuracy: Meaning is clear and of a safe standard. Grammatical errors occur when attempting more ambitious language. Paragraphs are used, showing some coherence. Award 5 marks. Meaning is generally clear. Simple structures are usually sound. Errors do not interfere with communication. Paragraphs are used but without coherence or unity. Award 4 marks.

0510/11 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2017 © UCLES 2017 Page 10 of 10 Mark band CONTENT: relevance and development of ideas (AO: W1, W2, W6) Mark band LANGUAGE: style and accuracy (AO: W1, W3, W4, W5) 2–3 Partly relevant: Relevance: Partly relevant and some engagement with the task. Inappropriate register, showing insufficient awareness of purpose and / or audience. Award 3 marks. Partly relevant and limited engagement with the task. Inappropriate register, showing insufficient awareness of purpose and / or audience. Award 2 marks. Development of ideas: Supplies some detail but the effect is incomplete and repetitive. 2–3 Errors intrude: Style: Simple structures and vocabulary. Accuracy: Meaning is sometimes in doubt. Frequent errors do not seriously impair communication. Award 3 marks. Meaning is often in doubt. Frequent, distracting errors which slow down reading. Award 2 marks. 0–1 Little relevance: Very limited engagement with task, but this is mostly hidden by density of error. Award 1 mark. No engagement with the task or any engagement with task is completely hidden by density of error. Award 0 marks. If essay is completely irrelevant, no mark can be given for language. 0–1 Hard to understand: Multiple types of error in grammar / spelling / word usage / punctuation throughout, which mostly make it difficult to understand. Occasionally, sense can be deciphered. Award 1 mark. Density of error completely obscures meaning. Whole sections impossible to recognise as pieces of English writing. Award 0 marks.