Cambridge IGCSE Bangladesh Studies 0449 — 2018 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 0

1 (a) Study Fig. 1.1, a map of Bangladesh. 0 60 N km Key B hazard energy producing area main cash crop A Fig. 1.1 Name the following features: (i) city A; .......................................................................................................................................[1] (ii) river B; .......................................................................................................................................[1] (iii) the hazard shown on the map; .......................................................................................................................................[1] (iv) the energy source shown on the map; .......................................................................................................................................[1] (v) the main cash crop shown on the map. .......................................................................................................................................[1] (b) Study Figs. 1.2 and 1.3, which show how vegetation and valley side steepness can affect a river’s discharge after heavy rainfall. Vegetation Valley side steepness Key Key deforested area gentle slope forested area steep slope discharge discharge river river time time Fig. 1.2 Fig. 1.3 (i) In Fig. 1.2, which area causes the highest river discharge? .......................................................................................................................................[1] (ii) In Fig. 1.3, which slope causes the highest river discharge? .......................................................................................................................................[1] (iii) How does the river discharge of a valley with steep sides differ from a valley with gentle sides? ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] (iv) Explain how deforestation causes flooding. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4] (v) Describe and explain two other factors which cause flooding in Bangladesh. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4] (c) Draw and label a diagram to explain the formation of thunderstorm rainfall. Space for diagram [3] (d) There are many differing opinions about how to deal with flooding in Bangladesh. Below are two different views. We need more food aid and water purification tablets now. local resident Longer term plans such as new dams and more flood warnings are important. government official (i) Give one piece of evidence in support of the local resident. ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (ii) Give one piece of evidence in support of the government official. ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (iii) Which opinion do you agree with the most? Give reasons for your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] [Total: 25]

2 (a) Study Fig. 2.1, which is an article on hydro-electric power. Bangladesh to invest in Bhutan’s hydro-electric power project 18 May 2016 Bangladesh is to invest with India in a hydro-electric project in Bhutan. Bangladesh’s economic affairs minister said ‘We have been dreaming of importing power from Bhutan for a long time. The fact that demand for power in both Bangladesh and India will keep increasing presents a big economic opportunity for Bhutan.’ This project will also strengthen the relationship between the three countries. Bangladesh aims to become a middle income country and will need to import power from Bhutan to meet the growing energy demand. Fig. 2.1 (i) Using Fig. 2.1, describe two advantages for Bangladesh of investing in the hydro-electric power project. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] (ii) Label the diagram to show the physical factors required by the hydro-electric power station. A B C impermeable rock power house with turbine and generator to town 50 km D [4] (b) The main energy used in rural industries and homes in Bangladesh is biomass. (i) Name two sources of biomass. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] (ii) What are the disadvantages of using biomass in rural areas? ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] (c) (i) What is sustainable development? ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (ii) Study Fig. 2.2, which shows sources of water in urban areas in Bangladesh. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100% Key source of water: tube wells piped inside dwelling piped outside dwelling Fig. 2.2 On Fig. 2.2, complete the graph using the following figures: • tube wells – 68% • piped inside dwelling – 24% • piped outside dwelling – 8% [2] (iii) Describe two domestic uses of water. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] (iv) Explain two ways in which Bangladesh has improved its domestic water supply. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4] (d) Study the two statements below. A ‘Providing clean water for everybody remains the main priority for Bangladesh.’ B ‘Continuing to control air quality remains the main priority for Bangladesh.’ (i) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement A. ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (ii) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement B. ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (iii) Which opinion do you agree with the most? Give reasons for your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] [Total: 25]

3 (a) Study Table 3.1, which shows some indicators of development in three countries. Table 3.1 country life expectancy adult literacy GDP per capita incidence of (2014) (percentage) (2014) tuberculosis (TB) (years) (US$) (per 100 000) Bangladesh 72 60 1086 227 India 68 69 1581 167 Myanmar 66 93 1203 369 Using Table 3.1: (i) identify the country which has the highest life expectancy; .......................................................................................................................................[1] (ii) identify the country which is likely to have poor access to a doctor; .......................................................................................................................................[1] (iii) explain why it is difficult to decide which country in Table 3.1 has the highest level of development; ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4] (iv) name one other indicator which can be used to measure a country’s development. ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (b) Explain two ways in which Bangladesh is continuing to improve education within the country. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[4] (c) Study Fig. 3.1, a graph which shows the detection rate of tuberculosis (TB) in Bangladesh from 2005 to 2015. 60 50 40 tuberculosis (TB) detection 30 rate (%) Key 20 Bangladesh 10 0 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 year Fig. 3.1 (i) Describe the main changes in the detection rate from 2005 to 2015. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] (ii) Using examples, explain how diseases such as tuberculosis (TB), cholera, diarrhoea and malaria can be controlled. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[6] (d) Study the statement below. ‘More investment in private sector health care is the key to improved health care in Bangladesh.’ (i) Give one piece of evidence which supports the statement. ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (ii) Give one piece of evidence which does not support the statement. ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (iii) How far do you agree with the statement? Give reasons for your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] [Total: 25]

4 (a) Study Fig. 4.1, which shows a statement about agricultural productivity in Bangladesh. ‘Bangladesh has raised agricultural productivity significantly in the last few decades. It is remarkable that, with so many people and so little arable land, the country has been able to provide sufficient food for almost everyone,’ said Qimiao Fan, World Bank Country Director for Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal. ‘While rice will remain its focus, Bangladesh needs to find effective ways to diversify its agriculture, as well as adapt to a changing climate.’ Fig. 4.1 (i) Using Fig. 4.1 only, describe two challenges faced by agriculture in Bangladesh. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] (ii) Describe the growing conditions required by rice. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] (iii) Describe and explain three different ways that Bangladesh has increased its food production. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[6] (b) Study Fig. 4.2 (Insert), a photograph which shows a rural area in Bangladesh. (i) Describe how the land is being used in Fig. 4.2. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] (ii) Suggest three problems faced by farmers in rural areas like the one shown in Fig. 4.2. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] (c) In the south of Bangladesh waterways are the main type of transport. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using waterways for transport? advantages ............................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... disadvantages .......................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[4] (d) Study the two statements below. A ‘Continuing to increase crop yield and type of crop (diversity) is key to the future economic development of Bangladesh.’ B ‘Protecting the environment is key when developing Bangladesh’s agriculture.’ (i) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement A. ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (ii) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement B. ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (iii) Which opinion do you agree with the most? Give reasons for your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] [Total: 25]

5 (a) Study Fig. 5.1 (Insert), a photograph which shows a cottage industry in Bangladesh. (i) Which cottage industry is shown in Fig. 5.1? ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (ii) Name three other types of cottage industry. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] (iii) Describe how the cottage industry differs from large-scale industry in Bangladesh. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[5] (b) (i) What is meant by the term ‘informal sector’? ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (ii) In Bangladesh, nearly 90% of the total number of jobs are in the informal sector. Explain why so many people work in the informal sector. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[5] TURN OVER FOR QUESTION 5(c) (c) Study Fig. 5.2, a graph showing the percentage of population with access to electricity and the percentage of electricity obtained from renewable sources. 100 90 80 70 60 % 50 40 30 20 10 0 Bangladesh India Myanmar Key % access to electricity % electricity from renewable sources Fig. 5.2 (i) On Fig. 5.2, complete the bar graph for Myanmar using the following figures: • % access to electricity – 52% • % electricity from renewable sources – 79% [2] (ii) Using Fig. 5.2, compare percentage access to electricity and electricity from renewable sources in Bangladesh with that in India and Myanmar. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3]