Cambridge IGCSE Bangladesh Studies 0449 — 2016 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 0

1 (a) (i) Study Fig. 1, a map showing some physical regions of Bangladesh. N 0 30 60 km A Key .................................................................... .................................................................... .................................................................... coastal plain Fig. 1 Name river A ........................................................................................ Complete the key for the following physical regions. • deltaic plain • flood plain • uplands [4] (ii) Describe the physical characteristics of the deltaic plain and the uplands. deltaic plain ....................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... uplands .............................................................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4] (iii) Explain how flood plains are formed. You may use a diagram to illustrate your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] Space for diagram (b) Study Fig. 2 which shows the climate for Bangladesh and the growing seasons of three types of rice. mm °C 400 30 350 25 300 20 temperature H S S H H 250 15 S S S H H H rainfall 200 H S 150 100 50 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D Key Aman rice Aus rice Boro rice S = sowing H = harvesting rainfall temperature Fig. 2 (i) How long is the growing season for Boro rice? .................................................................................... months [1] (ii) Using Fig. 2, compare the climatic conditions for growing Aus rice with those for growing Boro rice. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] (c) (i) Describe the processes involved in preparing the land for the sowing and harvesting of rice in Bangladesh. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] (ii) Explain how farmers can increase rice production. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] (d) Study the two statements below. A ‘The topography (physical features) of Bangladesh is very beneficial for the farmers.’ B ‘The topography (physical features) of Bangladesh presents many problems for the farmers.’ (i) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement A. ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (ii) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement B. ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (iii) Which statement do you agree with the most? Give reasons for your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] [Total: 25 marks]

2 (a) Study Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 which show average rainfall and depth of flood water in July in Bangladesh. Rainfall in one week The depth of flood water two weeks later N N 0 50km 0 50km Key Key rainfall in one week depth of flood water 300 mm and above 2 m and above 100 – 300 mm below 2 m below 100 mm Fig. 3 Fig. 4 (i) Using compass directions only, describe where more than 100 mm of rain fell in Bangladesh. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] (ii) Describe the general pattern of the floods. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] (iii) Explain why the floods were so severe two weeks after the week of heavy rain. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] (b) Explain how floods affect the people and the economy of Bangladesh. people ....................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... economy ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[4] (c) (i) Study Fig. 5, a pie chart showing the percentage of air pollution caused by industries. Complete Fig. 5, showing the five most air polluting industries of Bangladesh, using the following information. • Cement/clay – 16% • Pulp and paper – 14% • Textile – 10% 0 90% 10% Food industry Cement / clay Pulp and paper Textile 80% 20% Tobacco Others 70% 30% 60% 40% 50% Fig. 5 [3] (ii) What percentage of the total air pollution is caused by the five most polluting industries? ....................... % [1] (iii) Apart from an industry, name a major cause of air pollution in Bangladesh. .......................................................................................................................................[1] (d) Explain how the government is trying to reduce air pollution in Bangladesh. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[4] (e) Study the statement below. ‘Controlling the flooding of rivers in Bangladesh is almost impossible.’ (i) Give one piece of evidence which supports this statement. ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (ii) Give one piece of evidence which shows how rivers can be controlled. ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (iii) How far do you agree with the statement? Give reasons for your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] [Total: 25 marks]

3 (a) Study Fig. 6 which shows gas fields, gas pipelines and fertiliser factories. N Key 0 50 gas field gas pipeline km F fertiliser factories F main towns F F F F F Fig. 6 Describe the general distribution of gas fields and the network of gas pipelines. gas fields ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... gas pipelines ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................[4] (b) Fig. 7 shows the percentage of natural gas consumption by different sectors. Complete Fig. 7 using the following information. • industry – 20% • domestic use – 10% • fertiliser manufacture – 10% Key power production industry domestic use fertilisers others 0 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Fig. 7 [3] (c) (i) Using Fig. 6, suggest one reason for the distribution of fertiliser factories in Bangladesh. ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (ii) Explain the importance of the production of fertilisers to farmers and to the economy of Bangladesh. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] (d) Climate change will affect agriculture in Bangladesh. (i) Name two gases that are causing global warming. ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] (ii) Explain how human activities cause the increased production of these gases. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] (iii) Explain the effect climate change will have on agriculture and the food supply of Bangladesh. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4] (e) Study the two statements below. A ‘Bangladesh is not a major contributor to climate change.’ B ‘Bangladesh will be one of the countries worst affected by climate change.’ (i) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement A. ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (ii) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement B. ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (iii) Do you think other nations should help Bangladesh cope with the effects of climate change? Give reasons for your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] [Total: 25 marks]

4 (a) (i) Study Photograph A (Insert) which shows a cottage industry in the Bandarban region. On Fig. 8, the sketch of Photograph A, add notes to show the characteristics of a cottage industry. One note has been added as an example. family worker Fig. 8 [4] (ii) Study Photographs A and B (Insert) which show textile industries on a different scale. Using only the evidence in the photographs, compare the working features and output of the two industries. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[4] (b) (i) Describe how government policies protect new industries in Bangladesh. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] (ii) Explain how Bangladesh can overcome obstacles to industrialisation, other than ways mentioned in (b)(i). ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] (c) (i) Explain why the financial sector is important for industry in Bangladesh. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] (ii) What is meant by ‘micro-credit’? ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] (iii) Explain why micro-credit has been successful in Bangladesh. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2] (d) Study the two statements below. A ‘Bangladesh’s increased economic growth depends on expanding the small scale industrial sector.’ B ‘To maintain economic growth Bangladesh needs to improve its large scale industries.’ (i) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement A. ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (ii) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement B. ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (iii) Which statement do you agree with the most? Give reasons for your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] [Total: 25 marks]

5 (a) Study Fig. 9A and Fig. 9B, which show population structures for Bangladesh in 1994 and 2014. Population structure, Bangladesh 1994 male female 100 + 95 - 99 90 - 94 85 - 89 80 - 84 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5 - 9 0 - 4 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 age millions millions group Fig. 9A Population structure, Bangladesh 2014 male female 100 + 95 - 99 90 - 94 85 - 89 80 - 84 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 5 - 9 0 - 4 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 age millions millions group Fig. 9B (i) Describe the differences between the two population structures. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] (ii) Suggest reasons for the differences between the two population structures. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] (iii) Why are there fewer males than females between the ages of 20 and 40 years old in both Fig. 9A and Fig. 9B? ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[1] (b) (i) Study Fig. 10, a table which shows the religious structure in Bangladesh. Muslim Hindu Other 89% 10% 1% Fig. 10 Using the data in Fig. 10 draw a graph below to show the religious structure of Bangladesh. Muslim Hindu Other 0 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% [3] (ii) Only 2% of the population of Bangladesh are not Bengali. Describe some of the minority ethnic groups and where they live. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[3] (c) (i) Study Fig. 11 which shows the percentage of youths (aged 15–24 years) who are literate in Bangladesh and South Asia as a whole. Bangladesh South Asia % 100 80 60 40 20 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 year Fig. 11 Using Fig. 11, compare the progress of the youth literacy rate of Bangladesh with that of South Asia. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................[2]