Cambridge A Level Sociology 9699 — 2021 Oct/Nov Paper 3 · Variant 2

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated. Cambridge International AS & A Level SOCIOLOGY 9699/32 Paper 3 Education October/November 2021 1 hour 15 minutes You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet. You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed) INSTRUCTIONS ● Answer all questions. ● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper, ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet. INFORMATION ● The total mark for this paper is 50. ● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ]. * 3 5 5 7 3 7 0 5 2 5 * DC (LK) 202514 © UCLES 2021 [Turn over

2 9699/32/O/N/21 © UCLES 2021 Answer all questions. 1 Describe two examples of what is learned through the hidden curriculum. [4] 2 Explain two ways in which a person’s gender may influence their educational attainment. [8] 3 ‘The main purpose of education is the personal development of each individual pupil.’ Using sociological material, give two arguments against this view. [12] 4 Evaluate the view that working class under-achievement is mainly the result of in-school factors. [26]

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4 9699/32/O/N/21 © UCLES 2021 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series. Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge. BLANK PAGE

This document consists of 13 printed pages. © UCLES 2021 [Turn over Cambridge International AS & A Level SOCIOLOGY 9699/32 Paper 3 October/November 2021 MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 75 Published This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2021 series for most Cambridge IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level components.

9699/32 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2021 © UCLES 2021 Page 2 of 13 Generic Marking Principles These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking principles. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1: Marks must be awarded in line with: • the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question • the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question • the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2: Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions). GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3: Marks must be awarded positively: • marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate • marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do • marks are not deducted for errors • marks are not deducted for omissions • answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4: Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level descriptors. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5: Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen). GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6: Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade descriptors in mind.

9699/32 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2021 © UCLES 2021 Page 3 of 13 Social Science-Specific Marking Principles (for point-based marking) 1 Components using point-based marking: • Point marking is often used to reward knowledge, understanding and application of skills. We give credit where the candidate’s answer shows relevant knowledge, understanding and application of skills in answering the question. We do not give credit where the answer shows confusion. From this it follows that we: a DO credit answers which are worded differently from the mark scheme if they clearly convey the same meaning (unless the mark scheme requires a specific term) b DO credit alternative answers/examples which are not written in the mark scheme if they are correct c DO credit answers where candidates give more than one correct answer in one prompt/numbered/scaffolded space where extended writing is required rather than list-type answers. For example, questions that require n reasons (e.g. State two reasons …). d DO NOT credit answers simply for using a ‘key term’ unless that is all that is required. (Check for evidence it is understood and not used wrongly.) e DO NOT credit answers which are obviously self-contradicting or trying to cover all possibilities f DO NOT give further credit for what is effectively repetition of a correct point already credited unless the language itself is being tested. This applies equally to ‘mirror statements’ (i.e. polluted/not polluted). g DO NOT require spellings to be correct, unless this is part of the test. However spellings of syllabus terms must allow for clear and unambiguous separation from other syllabus terms with which they may be confused (e.g. Corrasion/Corrosion) 2 Presentation of mark scheme: • Slashes (/) or the word ‘or’ separate alternative ways of making the same point. • Semi colons (;) bullet points (•) or figures in brackets (1) separate different points. • Content in the answer column in brackets is for examiner information/context to clarify the marking but is not required to earn the mark (except Accounting syllabuses where they indicate negative numbers). 3 Calculation questions: • The mark scheme will show the steps in the most likely correct method(s), the mark for each step, the correct answer(s) and the mark for each answer • If working/explanation is considered essential for full credit, this will be indicated in the question paper and in the mark scheme. In all other instances, the correct answer to a calculation should be given full credit, even if no supporting working is shown. • Where the candidate uses a valid method which is not covered by the mark scheme, award equivalent marks for reaching equivalent stages. • Where an answer makes use of a candidate’s own incorrect figure from previous working, the ‘own figure rule’ applies: full marks will be given if a correct and complete method is used. Further guidance will be included in the mark scheme where necessary and any exceptions to this general principle will be noted.

9699/32 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2021 © UCLES 2021 Page 4 of 13 4 Annotation: • For point marking, ticks can be used to indicate correct answers and crosses can be used to indicate wrong answers. There is no direct relationship between ticks and marks. Ticks have no defined meaning for levels of response marking. • For levels of response marking, the level awarded should be annotated on the script. • Other annotations will be used by examiners as agreed during standardisation, and the meaning will be understood by all examiners who marked that paper.

9699/32 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2021 © UCLES 2021 Page 5 of 13 Question Annotation Meaning 1 Identification of a point Development / description of the point. 2a Point that has been credited Explanation of the point Material used to support the point Explanation of how the material supports the point 2b Strength / weakness that has been credited Explanation of why the method has that strength/weakness Explanation of why it is a strength/weakness 3a Point that has been credited Some explanation but underdeveloped rather than developed Developed point Material used to support the point Point on the general topic area rather than specific question 3b Point that has been credited Some explanation but underdeveloped rather than developed Developed point Material used to support the point DEV E1 M E2 E1 E2 EXP DEV M GEN EXP DEV M

9699/32 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2021 © UCLES 2021 Page 6 of 13 Question Annotation Meaning 4/5 Point that has been credited Some explanation but underdeveloped rather than developed Developed point Material used to support the point Evaluation point Other annotations This material receives no credit Benefit of the doubt given Vertical wavy line Irrelevant material EXP DEV M EVAL SEEN BOD

9699/32 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2021 © UCLES 2021 Page 7 of 13 Question Answer Marks 1 Describe two examples of what is learned through the hidden curriculum. Indicative content • Gender roles. • Punctuality. • Respect for authority. • Cooperation. • Competition/individualism. • Social solidarity / being part of something bigger. • Any other appropriate example. note: Reward a maximum of two examples. For each example up to 2 marks are available: 1 mark for identifying an example of what is learned through the hidden curriculum 1 mark for describing how the example identified is learned/taught through the hidden curriculum (2 × 2 marks) 4

9699/32 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2021 © UCLES 2021 Page 8 of 13 Question Answer Marks 2 Explain two ways in which a person’s gender may influence their educational attainment. Indicative content • Possible career aspirations may vary with gender and influence subject choice or attitudes toward education. • Gendered role-expectations, e.g. girls expected to take on traditional roles and so less committed to education. • Pro/anti-school subcultures may link to gender. • Teachers may have stereotyped views of students based on gender, leading to labelling. • Educational opportunities for females may be limited in some countries. • Gendered curriculum and feminisation of education may disadvantage boys. • Any other relevant reason. Reward a maximum of two reasons. Up to 4 marks are available for each reason 1 mark for making a point / identifying a reason (e.g. gender can influence aspirations in education). 1 mark for explaining that point/identifying a reason (e.g. boys may be discouraged from working in school due to a lack of aspirations). 1 mark for selecting relevant sociological material such as a study/concept/theory/empirical evidence to support the point (e.g. crisis of masculinity). 1 mark for explaining how the material supports the point (e.g. some sociologists argue that there is a crisis of masculinity due to limited employment opportunities in traditionally male employment today, and this has resulted in lower aspirations in school for boys). (2 × 4 marks) 8

9699/32 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2021 © UCLES 2021 Page 9 of 13 Question Answer Marks 3 ‘The main purpose of education is the personal development of each individual pupil.’ Using sociological material, give two arguments against this view. Indicative content • Functionalist argument that education is to maintain social order and stability. • Functionalist/liberal argument that education prepares for economic roles. • Marxist argument that education is designed to maintain capitalism as part of ideological state apparatus. • Bowles and Gintis correspondence theory and the preparation of the labour force. • The hidden curriculum and patriarchal or ethnocentric control. • Evidence of some types of pupils being ignored or disadvantaged in comparison with others. • Education may limit the development of individual pupils (Illich). • Any other relevant argument against the view. Reward a maximum of two arguments. Up to 6 marks are available for each argument. Note: This question is asking for arguments against the view. There are no marks for explaining the view or giving arguments supporting the view. Levels of response Use the following levels to mark each argument. Level 3: 5–6 marks • One clear and developed argument against the view that the main purpose of education is the personal development of each individual pupil. • Sociological material, such as concepts, theories and evidence, is used to support the argument against the view. The material selected is appropriate and focused on the question with its relevance made clear. Level 2: 3–4 marks • One clear but underdeveloped argument against the view that the main purpose of education is the personal development of each individual pupil. • The material selected is appropriate but not fully focused on the question. Sociological evidence is used but its relevance to the argument is not made clear.. 12

9699/32 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2021 © UCLES 2021 Page 10 of 13 Question Answer Marks 3 Level 1: 1–2 marks • One point disagreeing with the view that the main purpose of education is the personal development of each individual pupil which is undeveloped or lacking clarity. • Any material selected lacks focus on the specific question. Level 0: 0 marks • No response worthy of credit

9699/32 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2021 © UCLES 2021 Page 11 of 13 Question Answer Marks 4 Evaluate the view that working class under-achievement is mainly the result of in-school factors. Indicative content In support Against Points • Labelling as “non- ideal” • Placed in lower sets or streams • Lower expectations – lower achievement • Drawn to anti-school subcultures • Exacerbates disadvantages based on gender and ethnicity • Experience of symbolic violence against own culture • According to Marxists, intentionally failed in order to provide labour force • Labelling not deterministic • Policies to equalise opportunity: comprehensivisation, EPAs, etc. • Disadvantages mainly due to out of school factors • Inequalities in provision mainly between schools • Economy increasingly requires meritocracy Research evidence Becker Douglas Hargreaves Ball Rist Nash Gillborn and Youdell Dunne and Gazeley Willis Bourdieu Arche Hughes and Church Fuller Bernstein Sugarman Flaherty Bull Tanner Mortimore and Whitty Leech and Campos Concepts Ideal pupil Labelling Subcultures Habitus Symbolic violence Exclusion Self-exclusion Correspondence theory Self-fulfilling prophecy Triarge Material deprivation Cultural deprivation Marketisation The above content is indicative and other relevant approaches to the question should be rewarded appropriately. 26

9699/32 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2021 © UCLES 2021 Page 12 of 13 Question Answer Marks 4 Levels of response Level 5: 22–26 marks • Very good knowledge and understanding of the view that working class under-achievement is mainly the result of in-school factors. • The response contains a wide range of detailed points with very good use of concepts and theory/research evidence. • The material selected will be accurately interpreted, well developed and consistently applied to answering the question. • Clear and sustained analysis with detailed and explicit evaluation of the view that working class under-achievement is mainly the result of in- school factors. Level 4: 17–21 marks • Good knowledge and understanding of the view that working class under-achievement is mainly the result of in-school factors. The response contains a range of detailed points with good use of concepts and theory/research evidence. • The material selected will be accurate and relevant but not always consistently applied to answering the question. • Good analysis/evaluation of the view that working class under- achievement is mainly the result of in-school factors. This may be explicit and direct but not sustained, or it will rely on a good account of the other explanations for working class under-achievement. Level 3: 11–16 marks • Reasonable knowledge and understanding of the view that working class under-achievement is mainly the result of in-school factors. The response contains a narrow range of detailed points or a wider range of underdeveloped points, with some use of concepts or theory or research evidence. • The material selected will be largely appropriate but its relevance to the question may be unclear or confused at times. • Some analysis/evaluation of the view that working class under- achievement is mainly the result of in-school factors. This may be one point explicitly used to argue for or against the view that working class under-achievement is mainly the result of in-school factors, or a simple descriptive account of other explanations for working class underachievement. Level 2: 6–10 marks • Basic knowledge and understanding of the view that working class under-achievement is mainly the result of in-school factors. The response contains a narrow range of underdeveloped points and may include basic references to concepts or theories or research evidence. • The material selected is relevant to the topic but lacks focus on or relevance to the specific question. • Any analysis or evaluation is likely to be incidental, confused or simply assertive.

9699/32 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2021 © UCLES 2021 Page 13 of 13 Question Answer Marks 4 Level 1: 1–5 marks • Limited knowledge and understanding of the view that working class under-achievement is mainly the result of in-school factors. The response contains only assertive points or common-sense observations. • There is little or no application of sociological material. • Little or no relevant analysis or evaluation. Level 0: 0 marks No response worthy of credit.