Cambridge A Level English General Paper 8021 — 2022 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 2

1 (a) Considering the advantages and one disadvantage, explain why Paulo and Aneeta would be most likely to choose Aneeta’s Adrenaline-Filled Workouts to develop as their app. You should not refer to the other apps. Answer in continuous prose. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [10] (b) Referring only to the Additional Information and the descriptions of the apps, explain why (i) Family Fortuna: The Adventures of Adorable Angelfish, if developed by Paulo and Aneeta, might receive the highest mark from fellow students. You should not refer to the other apps. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [2] (ii) A Survival Guide for Students would not be a good choice of app to develop and launch. You should not refer to the other apps. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [2] (c) Identify the one piece of the Additional Information that is the least relevant when Paulo and Aneeta are deciding which app to develop. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [1] (d) Regarding the assignment being peer assessed, explain (i) why, in terms of personality, Aneeta would benefit from pairing up with Paulo. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [2] (ii) in your opinion, one disadvantage of students assessing fellow students’ work. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [2] (e) Explain why, (i) with reference to the Additional Information, Paulo and Aneeta make a good team. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [2] (ii) in your opinion, the ability to work collaboratively is regarded by society as an important quality to have. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [2] (iii) in your opinion, both members of each pair have been instructed to ‘take an active role in the presentation’. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [2] [Total: 25]

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a) 10 Considering the advantages and one disadvantage, explain why Paulo and Aneeta would be most likely to choose Aneeta’s Adrenaline-Filled Workouts to develop as their app. You should not refer to the other apps. Answer in continuous prose. Credit any of the following points or any other valid points. Aneeta is very active herself with her 10 km and half marathons runs, both of which require knowledge of how to keep the body physically fit enough to undertake such physical exertions. She would be a good female role model for the benefits of exercise for all those teenage girls who have given up on physical exercise. The tutor’s mark takes into account how useful each app presented could be to society in general, so this app would score highly with him. and it would benefit a wide range of people because the workouts cover all levels of fitness, from basic to advanced, and personalised ones as well. The Ministry of Health is concerned about the population’s general lack of exercise; this app would help to address the problem so it might have greater traction than just a university assignment. It could ensure that there is a plentiful supply of personal trainers to help get people fitter as it helps them improve their earnings by filling up cancellations. There would also be information about such things as eating healthily included which would help improve people’s health as well which could outweigh It is not clear whether Aneeta has any professional qualifications to lead workouts or give nutritional advice so app users might not know if they can trust her. There is another pair who have been working on a fitness app for some months already, so their app might be a better thought-out one/squeeze out Paulo and Aneeta’s app (though the other pair tend to over-rate their abilities, so Paulo and Aneeta might not fear such competition at all). Paulo spent his schooldays trying to avoid physical activity, so he might not be enthusiastic about this app. He is likely to lack any knowledge about this field, so more work would fall on Aneeta’s shoulders 1(a) and his performance in the presentation might be hindered because of his lack of knowledge/enthusiasm, thus adversely affecting their mark. The app would have adverts for sports-related items, but people are put off downloading apps with adverts. In assessing the answer award marks for a coherent appraisal, clearly expressed of four or more relevant considerations, including balance, that make use of analytical skills. Levels Mark(s) Descriptors 4 9–10 • Capacity to interpret evidence and sustained ability to present relevant arguments, analysis and exemplification maintaining a strong focus on the main issues in the question. • Comprehensive approach demonstrating ability to identify and select relevant information, data, concepts and opinions and maintain a strong focus on the key issues. • Shows the ability to communicate clearly and accurately in a fluent and organised manner. 3 6–8 • Moderate range of arguments, analysis and exemplification covering some of the main issues in the question. • Demonstrating some grasp of the nature of key issues but with a restricted range or a loss of focus leading to the inclusion of some irrelevant material. • Shows the ability to communicate clearly and accurately in a fluent and organised manner. 2 3–5 • Limited analysis shown in a response consisting of mainly undeveloped material. • A modest range of selected points, perhaps some of which are irrelevant or incorrect. • Ability to convey meaning but with limited powers of expression with some errors in spelling, punctuation or grammar which impede the flow and hinder communication. 1 1–2 • Some simple, mainly unexplained or undeveloped points or perhaps a very narrow range – with little interpretation or analysis and little development or exemplification. • Limited range, dubious choice showing restricted appreciation of key issues. • Ability to convey meaning but with limited powers of expression with some errors in spelling, punctuation or grammar which impede the flow and hinder communication. 0 0 • A mark of zero should be awarded for no creditable content. 1(b)(i) 2 Referring only to the Additional Information and the descriptions of the apps, explain why Family Fortuna: The Adventures of Adorable Angelfish, if developed by Paulo and Aneeta, might receive the highest mark from fellow students. You should not refer to the other apps. Statistics show that games with the most universal appeal have cute characters (1) and this app would have images of an adorable family of angelfish. (1) Paulo is a keen gamer who has won a regional tournament (1) so his knowledge/expertise makes the game likely to be of excellent quality/to attract other gamers (1). 2  1 or 1  2 1(b)(ii) 2 Referring only to the Additional Information and the descriptions of the apps, explain why A Survival Guide for Students would not be a good choice of app to develop and launch. You should not refer to the other apps. The magazine industry has seen its revenues tumble/Many magazines now exist only online/face huge competition from advertisers (1) so the app would not be financially viable/it is unrealistic to think they could attract advertisers at all (1). Charging a subscription fee may be unpopular (1) as people will need to pay to find out if it’s a worthwhile investment (1). 2  1 or 1  2 1(c) 1 Identify the one piece of the Additional Information that is the least relevant when Paulo and Aneeta are deciding which app to develop. Point 4 (The department has been in existence for many years, one of the first of its kind.) 1(d)(i) 2 Regarding the assignment being peer assessed, explain why, in terms of personality, Aneeta would benefit from pairing up with Paulo. They are opposites (personalities) (1) so they complement each other/cover all bases (1). He is creative while she is studious.(1) He is an extrovert while she is quiet. (1) He has a charming personality (1) which could win over more students during the presentation/get them higher marks. (1) 2  1 or 1  2 1(d)(ii) Regarding the assignment being peer assessed, explain in your 2 opinion, one disadvantage of students assessing fellow students’ work. Credit any of the following points or any other valid points. This system of awarding marks can be abused (1) if students give marks motivated by their personal feelings towards each other. (1) Friends can help each other out (1) by giving too generous a mark. (1) If a student doesn’t like a fellow student, (1) they can deliberately mark that person down. (1) Students might be motivated by the fun aspect of the app (1) rather than the assessment criteria. (1) 1(e)(i) 2 Explain why, with reference to the Additional Information, Paulo and Aneeta make a good team. They have known each other for years (1) so they will have a good understanding of each other already/they have probably worked collaboratively before. (1) 2  1 or 1  2 1(e)(ii) 2 Explain why, in your opinion, the ability to work collaboratively is regarded by society as an important quality to have. Credit any of the following points or any other valid points. The ability to get on with each other in order to achieve a common goal/be able to negotiate/communicate, etc. (1) whether it be in a work environment or as a family, etc. (1) is needed for society to function/advance. (1) 2  1 or 1  2 1(e)(iii) 2 Explain why, in your opinion, both members of each pair have been instructed to ‘take an active role in the presentation’. Credit any of the following points or any other valid points. It would not be a representative mark for both students (1) if only one presented the app/if one of the pair had a lazy attitude to the task by not helping to present the app/so this gives the markers the chance to see both students in action. (1) It might push a shy student out of their comfort zone (1) so it could be a good learning experience/they could gain more confidence. (1) 2  1 or 1  2

2 (a) Describe the way of life some 11000 years ago for (i) hunter-gatherers. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [1] (ii) farmers. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [1] (b) Answering in about 30 words for each of the parts (i) and (ii), (i) explain how the practice of farming spread across the world. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [3] (ii) identify the three theories mentioned relating to why people stopped foraging and settled down. 1 ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................ 2 ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................ 3 ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................ [3] (c) According to lines 23 to 47, (i) identify four advantages of humans becoming farmers. advantage 1 ........................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................ advantage 2 ........................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................ advantage 3 ........................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................ advantage 4 ........................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................ [4] (ii) explain the disadvantages of humans becoming farmers. Answer using your own words as far as possible. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [5] (d) Identify (i) the two different effects farming seems to have had on plants. effect 1 ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................ effect 2 ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................ [2] (ii) the issue modern scientists are trying to resolve. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [1] (e) Identify three social changes that took place as societies grew larger. Answer in about 30 words in total. change 1 ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... change 2 ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... change 3 ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [3] (f) Give the meaning of the two following words as they are used in the material. You may write the answer in one word or a short phrase. (i) seismic (line 5) ................................................................................................................................ [1] (ii) plagued (line 59) ................................................................................................................................ [1] [Total: 25]

Mark scheme: 2(a)(i) Describe the way of life some 11 000 years ago for hunter-gatherers. 1 Hunter-gatherers became farmers/Their nomadic way of life ended/Constantly moving with animal migrations/the changing seasons ended. (1) 2(a)(ii) Describe the way of life some 11 000 years ago for farmers. 1 Farmers/Humans/They (started to) build/live in permanent dwellings/Communities grew among the crops they learned to cultivate. (1) 2(b)(i) Answering in about 30 words, explain how the practice of farming 3 spread across the world. It was not just (thanks to) one early population (1) but (several) groups of people across the region.(1) The world’s first farmers had genetically distinct DNA. (1) Farming was probably invented multiple times/independently and developed gradually. (1) (The migration of) farmers slowly introduced methods and tools across the world. (1) Any relevant content above 30 words should not be considered as part of the answer. 2(b)(ii) 3 Answering in about 30 words, identify the three theories mentioned relating to why people stopped foraging and settled down. Competition for food might have made them seek alternative sources. (1) It might have been because of the climate warming up. (1) Human brains might have reached new levels of intelligence. (1) Any relevant content above 30 words should not be considered as part of the answer. 2(c)(i) According to lines 23 to 47, identify four advantages of humans 4 becoming farmers. Populations grew (fast), allowing for division of labour (1) freeing up time for leisure activities, such as art/pottery/(other) crafts. (1) Their animals provided labour, meat and milk/nutrition and skin/wool/clothing. (1) Following the invention of the wheel, farmers could use oxen (1) to pull ploughs to work the soil more effectively (1) and could use their manure as fertiliser. (1) 2(c)(ii) According to lines 23 to 47, explain the disadvantages of humans 5 becoming farmers. Answer using your own words as far as possible. Growing populations led to famine (1) if there was a lack of food or water, if animals became ill or insects increased in numbers/if there were any issues regarding food, animals or water. (1) There is evidence that as more people changed to farming (1), there were huge increases and decreases in the local populations. (1) By examining skeletons and teeth (1), we know farmers had inferior quality food to eat (1) and did not live as long as hunter-gatherers (1) as they did not eat such a wide range of food. (1) The passing of centuries saw farmers’ bones became fragile and likely to fracture, (1) although foragers’ bones had the strength of today’s orangutan! (1) The cause is probably their lack of exercise, (1) as they spent their lives within a short distance of home (1) compared to hunter-gatherers wandering around wherever to find food. (1) People spending their lives so near to neighbours and animals (1) allowed diseases to spread (1) as it was a perfect environment for bacteria to do well in/ keep changing. (1) 2(d)(i) Identify the two different effects farming seems to have had on plants. 2 Wild plants evolved to depend on humans for seed dispersal/Wild plants lost their ability to drop their seeds on the ground. (1) Domesticated crops have grown much larger over time/Maize seeds are 15 times bigger than their wild counterparts. (1) 2(d)(ii) Identify the issue modern scientists are trying to resolve. 1 (They are striving to understand) how crops evolved and yields increased/(because) food sustainability is becoming an ever-pressing issue. (1) 2(e) Identify three social changes that took place as societies grew larger. 3 Answer in about 30 words in total. The fear of famine would have driven farmers to work harder to create food surpluses. (1) Different roles began to emerge, such as toolmakers/butchers. (1) Warriors protected the land from wild beasts and robbers. (1) Communities built places of worship (to thank the gods). (1) Men were the leaders, so gender inequality grew. (1) Inequality between social classes emerged (1) with farmers at the bottom. (1) Farmers produced surplus food, but the elite controlled it. (1) The largest houses were near the grain storage. (1) Any relevant content above 30 words should not be considered as part of the answer. 2(f)(i) 1 Give the meaning of the following word as it is used in the material. You may write the answer in one word or a short phrase. seismic: profound, tumultuous, ground-breaking, earth-shattering, dramatic 2(f)(ii) 1 Give the meaning of the following word as it is used in the material. You may write the answer in one word or a short phrase. plagued: troubled, tormented, afflicted, dogged, cursed, beset