Cambridge A Level English General Paper 8021 — 2019 Oct/Nov Paper 2 · Variant 2

1 (a) Considering the advantages and at least one disadvantage, explain which one of the three countries Brit might choose as the most suitable to visit. You should concentrate on your chosen country and not refer to the other countries. Answer in continuous prose, using your own words as far as possible. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [8] (b) Considering three disadvantages and one advantage, explain which one of the three countries Brit might consider the least suitable to visit. You should concentrate on your chosen country and not refer to the other countries. Answer using your own words as far as possible. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [8] (c) Which one piece of the additional information provided did you find the least relevant when explaining why Brit might make these choices? Justify your response. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [2] (d) State the words or phrases in the material that mean the following: (i) supplied beyond the point at which the demand for a product is satisfied ................................................................................................................................ [1] (ii) producing a great deal of profit ................................................................................................................................ [1] (iii) attempting to encourage or obtain something by canvassing or asking ................................................................................................................................ [1] (iv) signed up to the team as a member ................................................................................................................................ [1] (e) Which two statements made in the managing director’s column are exaggerations of Exlun Industries’ current position? Justify your choices, answering in about 30 words. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [3] [Total: 25]

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a) Considering the advantages and at least one disadvantage, explain which 8 one of the three countries Brit might choose as the most suitable to visit. You should concentrate on your chosen country and not refer to the other countries. Answer in continuous prose, using your own words as far as possible. Credit any of the following or any other valid point. Banu It has only just got its independence and taken down trade barriers, so it might be a market ripe for honing-in on. Most of the population are young so very likely to buy the technologies EI is selling. Through Simin the company might have a good chance of breaking in as he has connections there already. Brit could be accompanied by Robina who can speak Spanish, but this would increase the cost of the visit, perhaps taking it over budget. It is the furthest away so would be the most expensive to get to probably and this would most likely exceed the expenses budget. It would probably displease his wife the most as it could mean the longest time abroad for him. Plus, if he is feeling unwell, it would be the worst journey, both in terms of length of time travelling and the travelling conditions in the country. It is on the other side of the world and in a different time zone, so may cause jetlag/make Brit even more tired/make it difficult to call his wife at home/EI’s headquarters at a convenient time of day. If the infrastructure is not up to much yet, then to operate in the country in general will be hard. The government is only hoping for the aid money – it is not guaranteed, plus it is harder to get hold of now. A predominantly young population may not be able to afford EI’s technologies. Brit doesn’t speak Spanish and hardly anyone speaks English. It has the smallest population so might provide only the smallest of profits. Simin might tell his contacts not to help Brit in order to make Brit look bad in the MD’s eyes. 1(a) Dafoo It is the nearest of the three countries so would be good in terms of length of time absent from home, how exhausted it might make him and the fact that the infrastructure is fine so travel should be relatively easy. It has the second largest population so there ought to be a good chance of making very decent profits. There will hopefully be an influx of young adults to target for future employment opportunities/as future customers for technology products. Being already an established market, there might not be much room left to make big profits. The wealth in Dafoo is already on the wane (though this could be relative as they might still be among the richest people in the world). An elderly population might not be as interested as young people in investing in the latest technologies. The MD wants to export quickly so all the red tape could cause major hold-ups. Gania It has the biggest population so could potentially provide the biggest opportunities regarding exports. The economy is still successful so people would have money in their pockets (though this situation could change quite soon if the government doesn’t make preparations re. resources). A good cross-section of people is hopeful for making good profits, though with young people emigrating, it could mean a downturn in profits in the future. Brit doesn’t speak Italian, but his wife does so she could accompany him, though this might prove too costly for EI (unless she paid for herself and added some holiday time on). Brit’s wife would be happy though because they would not be apart. And she has business qualifications herself so could help Brit, though she might not like being away from her children/family. Zexon might already have fully exploited this market as they are very close to Gania. 1(a) In assessing the answer award marks for a coherent appraisal, clearly expressed, of three or more relevant considerations that make use of analytical skills and is balanced. Level Mark(s) Descriptors 4 7–8 • Capacity to interpret evidence and sustained ability to present relevant arguments, analysis and exemplification maintaining a strong focus on the main issues in the question. • Comprehensive approach demonstrating ability to identify and select relevant information, data, concepts and opinions and maintain a strong focus on the key issues. • Shows the ability to communicate clearly and accurately in a fluent and organised manner. 3 5–6 • Moderate range of arguments, analysis and exemplification covering some of the main issues in the question. • Demonstrating some grasp of the nature of key issues but with a restricted range or a loss of focus leading to the inclusion of some irrelevant material. • Shows the ability to communicate clearly and accurately in a fluent and organised manner. 2 3–4 • Limited analysis shown in a response consisting of mainly undeveloped material. • A modest range of selected points, perhaps some of which are irrelevant or incorrect. • Ability to convey meaning but with limited powers of expression with some errors in spelling, punctuation or grammar which impede the flow and hinder communication. 1 1–2 • Some simple, mainly unexplained or undeveloped points or perhaps a very narrow range – with little interpretation or analysis and little development or exemplification. • Limited range, dubious choice showing restricted appreciation of key issues. • Ability to convey meaning but with limited powers of expression with some errors in spelling, punctuation or grammar which impede the flow and hinder communication. 0 0 • A mark of zero should be awarded for no creditable content. 1(b) Considering three disadvantages and one advantage, explain which one of 8 the three countries Brit might consider the least suitable to visit. You should concentrate on your chosen country and not refer to the other countries. Answer using your own words as far as possible. Same as 1(a) but 4 × 2. 1(c) Which one piece of the additional information provided did you find the least 2 relevant when explaining why Brit might make these choices? Justify your response. Point 11 (1) as there is no intention, it appears, at the moment to export into any German-speaking countries (1). 1(d)(i) State the words or phrases in the material that mean the following: 1 supplied beyond the point at which the demand for a product is satisfied saturated (1). 1(d)(ii) producing a great deal of profit 1 (most) lucrative (1). 1(d)(iii) attempting to encourage or obtain something by canvassing or asking 1 drumming up (1). 1(d)(iv) signed up to the team as a member 1 on board (1). 1(e) Which two statements made in the managing director’s column are 3 exaggerations of Exlun Industries’ current position? Justify your choices, answering in about 30 words. The sales team is ‘a world-beating one’ (1) and ‘the strategies are in place to achieve it’ (1) because the company has yet to break into international markets or target a country (1). Any relevant content above 30 words should not be considered as part of the answer.

2 (a) Identify the reason given to explain why cautious people might like living in Britain, as stated in the first paragraph. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [1] (b) In your own words, (i) describe what rewilders have done on the outskirts of Rome and the results that have been achieved. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [5] (ii) explain the situation in the Netherlands. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [2] (c) According to the material, explain the benefits if wolves were to kill animals such as sheep and deer. Answer in about 20 words. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [2] (d) State the meaning of the following five words or phrases as used in the material: (i) to suppress (line 27) ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [1] (ii) a price worth paying (line 29) ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [1] (iii) integral (line 30) ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [1] (iv) exponents (line 31) ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [1] (v) invasive (line 37) ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [1] (e) Use the original words or phrases from 2(d) in five separate sentences to illustrate their meanings as used in the material. Your sentences should not deal with the subject matter of the material. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [5] (f) State three problems mentioned regarding all forms of rewilding. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [3] (g) Identify two statements made by Catherine Bennett that show she is personally against the reintroduction of wolves in the UK. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [2] [Total: 25]

Mark scheme: 2(a) Identify the reason given to explain why cautious people might like living in 1 Britain, as stated in the first paragraph. (The relative certainty of) never encountering a wolf pack. 2(b)(i) In your own words, describe what rewilders have done on the outskirts of 5 Rome and the results that have been achieved. Credit any five of the following. The fact that the reintroduction of wolves (1) has been celebrated locally (1) highlights how successful the programme has been (1) in a short period of time (1) in overcoming people’s negative attitudes towards them (1). (Promoters of wolves point out that) they are timid and placid (1) and compared to dogs, are less of a danger (to us/humans) (1). 2(b)(ii) Explain the situation in the Netherlands. 2 Credit any two of the following. Wolves have returned to the Netherlands (1). The country is tinier than Britain (1) so, if the Dutch have managed this, it means anyone will be able to (1). Wolf fans regard our fear as funny/amusing (1). 2(c) According to the material, explain the benefits if wolves were to kill animals 2 such as sheep and deer. Answer in about 20 words. Credit any two of the following. Some conservationists regard sheep as a problem (1) and will see it as a solution to this problem (1). Deer are only killed by humans currently (1) so wolves would take care of the old and sick ones (1), saving us the job (1). Any relevant content above 20 words should not be considered as part of the answer. 2(d)(i) State the meaning of the following five words or phrases as used in the 1 material: to suppress (line 27) To prevent/to inhibit/to crush/to censor/to quash/to stamp out/to stifle/to keep in check/to hold back/not to expose/to curb/ to control (1). 2(d)(ii) a price worth paying (line 29) 1 The benefits outweigh the disadvantages/a fair trade/a fair deal/sacrifice for the greater good (1). 2(d)(iii) integral (line 30) 1 Essential/indispensable/intrinsic/fundamental/requisite/very important/central/ ingrained/crucial/vital/necessary (1). 2(d)(iv) exponents (line 31) 1 Advocates/champions/promoters/supporters/followers/believers (1). 2(d)(v) invasive (line 37) 1 Non-native/not indigenous/not native/dominant/potentially damaging/colonising/ invading (1). 2(e) Use the original words or phrases from 2(d) in five separate sentences to 5 illustrate their meanings as used in the material. Your sentences should not deal with the subject matter of the material. Examples: The teacher wanted to suppress the negative attitudes of some students towards their studies, so he brought in a motivational speaker to address the issue (1). She regarded long years of study as a price worth paying to achieve her dream job as a doctor (1). The processor is an integral part of a computer, without which it will not function (1). The exponents of regular exercise inspire healthy lifestyles in others as they always seem full of energy (1). Fast food as a major part of one’s diet has become in recent times an invasive feature in nearly every country in the world (1). 2(f) State three problems mentioned regarding all forms of rewilding. 3 Credit any three of the following. The consequences are not easy to predict, (according to some biologists) (1). There is a ‘drumbeat’ now advancing all kinds of rewilding approaches (1), but ‘caution and an increased understanding and awareness of what is unknown about rewilding (1) and what its potential outputs, especially ecological consequences, might be’ are needed (1). The craze for fangsheng, the mercy release of animals, can be disastrous. Attempts by humans to reverse previous dominion can translate into disaster (1). E.g. hundreds of crabs and lobsters were dropped into the sea off Brighton, UK, by two well-meaning Buddhists (1). The action could be against the law/they risk being fined (1). 2(g) Identify two statements made by Catherine Bennett that show she is 2 personally against the reintroduction of wolves in the UK. (Actually,) I’d prefer it if the wolf was kept from my door (1). (As a recreational walker,) I can barely express how grateful I am to inhabit, (instead,) a landscape dominated by the labradoodle (1).