Cambridge A Level Economics 9708 — 2009 May/June Paper 1 · Variant 1

1 Three women work in a pottery workshop, each dividing their time equally between three products. The table shows how many units of each product are made. plates bowls mugs Jane 100 50 50 Sarah 50 100 50 Seema 50 50 100 total 200 200 200 Later, division of labour is introduced and each woman makes only the product in which she has absolute advantage. What is the rise in total output? A 150 units B 300 units C 600 units D 900 units

Mark scheme: B

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2 The diagram shows two production possibility curves (EF and GH), before and after technological progress has taken place. G E consumer goods X O Y M F H capital goods After technological progress has taken place, what is the opportunity cost in capital goods of producing OX consumer goods? A MH B OH C OM D YF

Mark scheme: A

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3 What must be true of a positive statement? A It is one that can be shown to be correct or incorrect. B It is one that deals with positive changes in economic well being. C It is one that is true by definition. D It is one with which everyone is in agreement.

Mark scheme: A

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4 In 2001, the Argentinian economy was in serious economic difficulties. At this time, Argentinians made everyday purchases using the country’s currency, the peso, but saved money in US dollars. Which functions were the two currencies carrying out in Argentina in this case? peso US dollar A medium of exchange standard for deferred payments B medium of exchange store of value C unit of account standard for deferred payments D unit of account store of value

Mark scheme: B

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5 What is not held constant when aggregating individual firms’ supply curves to give the market supply curve? A the number of firms in the industry B the price of the product C the prices of factors of production D the state of technology

Mark scheme: B

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6 The table shows the demand for tickets for a concert. price of tickets quantity $ demanded 20 6000 30 5000 40 4000 50 3000 The capacity of the concert hall is 6000. What price should be charged to maximise total revenue? A $20 B $30 C $40 D $50

Mark scheme: C

More questions on Price elasticity, income elasticity and cross elasticity of demand

7 The table shows the demand and supply schedules for a good before and after the imposition of a tax. price quantity quantity supplied quantity supplied ($) demanded before tax after tax 20 340 440 380 19 340 430 340 18 340 410 290 17 340 380 230 16 340 340 160 15 340 290 80 14 340 230 0 What was the amount of the tax? A $1 B $2 C $3 D $4

Mark scheme: C

More questions on Methods and effects of government intervention in markets

8 The price elasticity of demand for a product is constant and equal to unity. Which curve in the diagram shows the relationship between total expenditure on the product and its price? A B total C expenditure D O price

Mark scheme: C

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9 In the UK, attempts to encourage people to change from road to rail travel by the introduction of a system of road pricing were forecast to fail because ‘people like using their cars too much’. How would this forecast be explained? A The price elasticity of demand for cars is high. B The price elasticity of demand for petrol is high. C The price elasticity of demand for rail travel is low. D The price elasticity of demand for car travel is low.

Mark scheme: D

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10 The table shows changes in a consumer’s expenditure on various goods when his income increases from $20 000 to $24 000. income income $20 000: $24 000: good amount spent amount spent on good on good ($) ($) W 100 96 X 100 100 Y 200 224 Z 200 248 Assuming all else remains unchanged, for which goods is the consumer’s income elasticity of demand greater than 1.0? A W only B Z only C W and Z only D W, Y and Z

Mark scheme: B

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11 The diagram shows a country’s domestic supply of, and demand for, a commodity that it both consumes and exports. S WP2 WP1 price D O W Y X Z quantity The world price changes from WP1 to WP2. What are the resulting changes in domestic consumption and exports? domestic consumption quantity of exports A OX to OZ OY to OX B OX to OZ OY to OZ C OY to OW YX to WZ D OY to OW YX to OZ

Mark scheme: C

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12 Between 2006 and 2007, the price of skimmed milk powder on the world market rose from $1000 per tonne to $2400 per tonne. Assuming that the market is a free market, what will result from the price change? A Consumers will buy more complements to skimmed milk powder. B Farmers will increase the size of their dairy herds to supply more milk. C Firms processing milk into skimmed milk will switch to producing substitutes. D Governments will introduce a system of rationing.

Mark scheme: B

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13 Which statement indicates that the price mechanism is allocating resources successfully? A Belgian chocolate companies increase supplies to China because of higher than expected sales. B Train operators in India lower fares because of overcrowding on trains. C US supermarkets throw away large amounts of food because of misjudging demand. D World fish stocks decline because of over-fishing.

Mark scheme: A

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14 A government is planning to intervene in a market to fix output at the economically desirable level by giving a subsidy. MSC T costs / Y benefits S X MSB MPB O R W output To achieve its objective, what should be the subsidy per unit? A ST B SX C TY D XY

Mark scheme: D

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15 A town council estimated the costs and benefits of operating a bus service in 2006 and 2007. These are shown in the table. 2006 2007 $000 $000 private costs 2000 2200 external costs 500 900 private benefits 1500 2300 external benefits 1000 800 What can be concluded from the table? A Between 2006 and 2007, social costs fell and social benefits rose. B Between 2006 and 2007, social costs rose and social benefits fell. C In both years, positive externalities exceeded negative externalities. D In both years, social costs equalled social benefits.

Mark scheme: D

More questions on Private costs and benefits, externalities and social costs and benefits

16 When would cost-benefit analysis definitely indicate that a government project should be approved? A if it eliminated all external costs B if it gave a higher rate of return than a private sector project C if it maximised net social benefit D if it minimised total social cost

Mark scheme: C

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17 Why does the production of public goods have to be financed by the government? A One person’s consumption of a public good means it is not available for anyone else. B People are able to consume public goods without paying for them. C Private sector firms will charge a price significantly above cost for public goods. D The cost of producing public goods is higher in the private sector.

Mark scheme: B

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18 The market price of an agricultural commodity was so low that the government fixed a minimum price for it above the market equilibrium price. However, the government did not buy any of the commodity itself. What would happen as a result? A There would be an equilibrium in the market but the change in farmers’ incomes would be uncertain. B There would be a shortage on the market and farmers’ incomes would rise. C There would be a surplus on the market and farmers’ incomes would fall. D There would be a surplus on the market but the change in farmers’ incomes would be uncertain.

Mark scheme: D

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19 In the diagram, MN is the production possibility curve of a country that has a comparative advantage in the production of good Y. M R quantity of good X O N quantity of good Y What might enable the country to consume the quantities of X and Y indicated by point R? A increased specialisation in the production of good X B international trade C a reduction in unemployment D increased specialisation in the production of good Y

Mark scheme: B

More questions on The reasons for international trade

20 Japan introduces import quotas on consumer durables imported from Malaysia. These goods have a high price elasticity of demand. What effect is this likely to have on the prices paid for these goods by Japanese consumers and on the revenues received by Malaysian producers? change in prices paid change in revenues by Japanese received by Malaysian consumers producers A decrease uncertain B decrease increase C increase decrease D increase uncertain

Mark scheme: C

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21 Which statement about economic integration is correct? A A customs union has a common currency. B A customs union has a common external tariff. C A free trade area has internal trade barriers. D A free trade area has no external trade barriers.

Mark scheme: B

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22 Since 2000 a country’s export prices have increased on average by 50 % and its import prices by 25 %. What is the current figure for the country’s terms of trade (2000 = 100)? A 75 B 83 C 120 D 125

Mark scheme: C

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23 What will cause an immediate rise in the size of a country’s labour force? A an increase in the birth rate B an increase in the age of retirement C an increase in the school-leaving age D an increase in the number of redundancies

Mark scheme: B

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24 What is the average weighted price change illustrated by the table below? percentage of income price change product spent on product % P 10 +8 Q 15 +6 R 25 +4 S 50 –9 A 9.0 % B 7.2 % C 4.5 % D –1.8 %

Mark scheme: D

More questions on Price stability

25 The diagram shows the annual rate of inflation in a country between 2000 and 2003. 10 8 6 rate of inflation % 4 2 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 year Which statement is true of the period 2000 to 2003? A The cost of living fell. B The price level rose. C The Retail Prices Index fell. D The value of money rose.

Mark scheme: B

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26 A developed country has a price-inelastic demand for oil, all of which it imports. The oil-producing countries decide to provide more oil to the market. What is likely to happen as a result in the developed country to inflation, its balance of trade and the quantity of oil demanded? quantity of oil inflation balance of trade demanded A less likely improves rises B less likely worsens rises C more likely improves falls D more likely worsens falls

Mark scheme: A

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27 Why is it that a country’s balance of payments must always balance? A Exchange rate changes will correct any deficit or surplus. B One country’s deficit is matched by another’s surplus. C The current account is balanced by the capital and financial accounts. D The government must act to correct any disequilibrium.

Mark scheme: C

More questions on Current account of the balance of payments

28 In the diagram, D1D1 and S1S1 are the initial demand and supply curves of the pound sterling (£) on the foreign exchange market. D2 S2 D1 S1 price of £ in $US D2 D1 S2 S1 O quantity of £ What will cause the demand curve to shift to D2D2 and the supply curve to S2S2? A an appreciation of the pound B an increase in UK interest rates C a reduction in the level of UK import tariffs D a reduction in the quality of UK goods

Mark scheme: B

More questions on Exchange rates

29 With an exchange rate of 5 Egyptian pounds (EGP) = 1 US dollar ($), an American product sells in Egypt for EGP 100. Assuming that the dollar price remains unchanged, what will be the price of the product in Egypt if the Egyptian pound appreciates to 4 EGP = 1 US$? A EGP 75 B EGP 80 C EGP 120 D EGP 125

Mark scheme: B

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30 A country has a large current account deficit. Its government decides to devalue its currency. In which circumstance would such a measure reduce the deficit? price elasticity of price elasticity of demand for exports demand for imports A 0.0 0.0 B 0.0 0.5 C 0.5 0.5 D 0.5 1.0

Mark scheme: D

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