Cambridge IGCSE Islamiyat 0493 — 2020 Oct/Nov Paper 2 · Variant 1

1 Choose any two of the following Hadiths, and: (a) describe their teachings about what Muslims believe [4] (b) explain how Muslims can put these teachings into action. [4] (i) Every person’s every joint must perform a charity every day the sun comes up: to act justly between two people is a charity; to help a man with his mount, lifting him onto it or hoisting up his belongings onto it is a charity; a good word is a charity; every step you take to prayers is a charity; and removing a harmful thing from the road is a charity. (ii) No one eats better food than that which he eats out of the work of his hand. (iii) The believers are like a single man; if his eye is affected he is affected, and if his head is affected he is all affected. (iv) None of you believes until he wants for his brother what he wants for himself. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 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Mark scheme: Level Mark Mark Level Descriptor Question Questions 1 2–5

2 (a) Describe the method used to make a judgement by analogy (qiyas) using the Qur’an and Hadith. Give examples to support your answer. [10] (b) Why do you think the Prophet (pbuh) encouraged the use of personal reasoning amongst his Companions? 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Mark scheme: 2 2 3–4 Satisfactory. A fair, mainly relevant but generally undeveloped response. The candidate demonstrates some factual knowledge, which is fairly accurate and slightly wider than at basic level. Some of the main points are covered but lack substance. 1 1 1–2 Basic. An attempt to answer the question, but lacks potential and/or is unfinished. Very limited knowledge of the subject. Response includes only a small amount of relevant material, or mainly irrelevant points. Facts are reported in basic outline only, often inaccurately, though some credible points are made.

3 (a) Give an account of the administration of the caliphate under ‘Uthman. [10] (b) In your opinion what was ‘Uthman’s greatest achievement as caliph? 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Mark scheme: 3 3 5–7 Good. Addresses the question confidently and coherently. Demonstrates sound, detailed and generally relevant and accurate knowledge of the subject matter in great detail. Covers the main points. May quote Qur’an verses and Hadiths to support points made.

4 (a) Write a descriptive account of the Battle of Siffin and the arbitration that followed it. [10] (b) What in your opinion was the most serious outcome of the arbitration? Give reasons to support your answer. 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Mark scheme: 4 4 8–10 Very Good/Excellent. A thorough, well-developed and substantial response. Demonstrates extensive, relevant and highly accurate knowledge of the subject in considerable detail and with evident expertise. Likely to quote Qur’an verses and Hadiths to support and illustrate points made. Comprehensive and thoughtful.

5 (a) Write about the rituals that take place on the first three days of the annual pilgrimage (hajj). [10] (b) In your opinion should hajj be performed as many times as possible in a Muslim’s life? Give reasons for your answer. 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Mark scheme: 5(a) Write about the rituals that take place on the first three days of the 10 annual pilgrimage (hajj). On the first day 8th Dhul Hijja the pilgrims put on ihram, and reciting the talbiya, make their way to Mina, where they pray their shortened Zuhr, Asr, Maghrib and Isha prayers. The prayers though shortened are not combined. The pilgrims spend all the available time in worship and supplication. On the second day, i.e. the 9th Dhul Hijja, after Fajr prayers the pilgrims proceed to Arafat. Here they pray Zuhr and Asr shortened and combined during the time of Zuhr, with one azaan and two iqaamas, and staying within the boundaries of Arafat listen to the sermon given. It is considered to be the greatest acts of worship and the Prophet (pbuh) said, ‘hajj is halting at Arafat’. Pilgrims pray for the forgiveness of their sins and remain here till sunset and then proceed to Muzdalifa, once again reciting the talbiya. At Muzdalifa, the pilgrims say the combined Maghrib and Isha prayers, shortening Isha to two rakaats and spend the night there from where they collect 49 pebbles for stoning the three Jamaraat. However, it is permissible for women and weak individuals to proceed to Mina at any time after midnight. On the third day, 10th Dhul Hijja (Yawm- an- Nahr) after Fajr prayers, pilgrims wait until the brightness of the morning is widespread and following the Sunna of the Prophet (pbuh) make dua facing the qibla. Upon arrival at Mina they throw seven pebbles at the Jamarrat-ul-‘Aqaba, calling ‘Bismillah Allahu Akbar’ every time they throw a pebble. Yawm-an-Nahr means the Day of Sacrifice. To slaughter a sacrificial animal is obligatory on pilgrims performing Hajj-al-Qiran and Hajj-al-Tamattu. After this, pilgrims shave or trim their hair, they can now change into their normal clothes. They may not have intimate relations with their spouses. Pilgrims proceed to Makka to perform Tawaf-al-Ziyara after which they perform Sa’i and return to normal life. If possible, they pray Zuhr in Makka and return to spend the remaining nights in Mina. We are not looking for the rites performed on the 11th and 12th of the Dhul Hijja and if written about should not be credited or seen as development of the answer. 5(b) In your opinion should hajj be performed as many times as possible in 4 a Muslim’s life? Give reasons for your answer. Responses will vary in content and will need to be marked on the quality of evaluation offered. Some may say that the Prophet (pbuh) performed hajj once in his lifetime so following his Sunna Muslims should also perform hajj once in their lifetime. Others could say that hajj should not be performed more than once in a lifetime so that those who have not performed it get a chance to fulfil this Pillar. A third argument could be that if a Muslim has performed hajj once he could sponsor the hajj of one who cannot afford the journey so they can experience it and fulfil this Pillar. It could also be said that some Muslims may want to perform hajj more than once to be able to repent for their sins and to seek God’s forgiveness. They may want to perform a hajj e badal for a deceased loved one who had not performed hajj in their lifetime. All valid responses to be credited on their own merit.