Cambridge IGCSE India Studies 0447 — 2018 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 0

1 This question is about environmental sustainability in India. (a) Identify two problems India faces in managing its water resources. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [2] (b) Explain why the management of urban pollution is an important issue for India. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [8] (c) How successfully has India maintained a diversity of plants and animals? ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [12] [Total: 22]

2 This question is about Jammu and Kashmir. (a) Identify two advantages of opening the bus route crossing the Line of Control (LOC). ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [2] (b) Explain why it has been difficult to achieve stability in Jammu and Kashmir. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [8] (c) How successfully have the issues facing those living in Indian-administered Kashmir been addressed? ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [12] [Total: 22]

3 (a) Use Source A to explain three ways in which life for the Dalits has been improved. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [6] Source B Though many people in India have supported affirmative action, some are opposed to policies that positively favour the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. They argue it will lead to a kind of ‘brain drain’ and that reserving places at educational institutions will lower standards and bring down the morale of other students. This could have an impact on the new technological industries, such as the IT industry, on which much of India’s progress is based. They also argue that there will not be enough qualified candidates from the ‘lower’ castes who can become professionals. This policy of affirmative action, they argue, has also had an impact on India’s economic development, as there is now a shortage of well-qualified professionals. Critics of affirmative action are also concerned that investors will think twice before investing in India because of the lack of opportunities for the more able. (b) Since the 1990s there has been considerable action to improve the position of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Use Source B and your own knowledge to explain why affirmative action in India has both supporters and opponents. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [12]