Cambridge IGCSE Child Development 0637 — 2013 May/June Paper 1 · Variant 2

This document consists of 8 printed pages, 3 lined pages and 1 blank page. DC (RW) 60881/3 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education * 2 5 7 8 0 6 5 2 5 2 * CHILD DEVELOPMENT 0637/12 Paper 1 May/June 2013 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Section A and Section B Answer all questions. Section C Answer one question. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For Examiner’s Use Section A Section B Section C Total

2 0637/12/M/J/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use Section A Answer all questions. 1 Sickle Cell anaemia is an example of a genetic disorder. Give one other example of a genetic disorder. …[1] 2 Suggest three factors which might affect the decision to have children. 1 … 2 … 3 …[3] 3 Give two fertility treatments for couples who need help to conceive. 1 … … 2 … …[2] 4 How is growth measured in young babies during their first six months? … …[1] 5 Explain the term gross motor skills and give one example. … …[2]

3 0637/12/M/J/13 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use 6 Keeping children safe from hazards whilst outdoors is important. Complete the chart below outlining some possible hazards and how to reduce the risk. The first one has been completed as an example. Hazard Possible Risk Ways to reduce the risk Dog Dog could bite. Do not allow children to touch the dog, the dog should be kept on a lead. [12] 7 Describe the correct first aid treatment for a minor cut. … …[2] 8 (a) List four possible signs that might indicate that a child is ready to be toilet trained. 1 … 2 … 3 … 4 …[4] (b) Explain the parent/carer’s role in helping a child to become toilet trained. … … … …[3] [Total: 30 marks]

4 0637/12/M/J/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use Section B Answer all questions. 9 (a) Health and well being of mother and baby is important. Explain three purposes of antenatal care and why each one is needed. Purpose … Need … … Purpose … Need … … Purpose … Need … …[6] (b) List six characteristics of a baby who is born prematurely. 1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 …[6] (c) Suggest five reasons why a caesarean section might be necessary. 1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 …[5]

5 0637/12/M/J/13 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (d) Name and describe three reflex actions present at birth. Reflex Name … Reflex Description … Reflex Name … Reflex Description … Reflex Name … Reflex Description …[6] (e) Explain the term congenital abnormality. … …[2]

6 0637/12/M/J/13 © UCLES 2013 For Examiner’s Use 10 (a) Discuss the benefits of breastfeeding for mother and baby. Mother … … … Baby … … …[8] (b) Give four reasons why a mother might choose not to breastfeed. 1 … 2 … 3 … 4 …[4] (c) Give two signs of dehydration in young babies. 1 … 2 …[2]

7 0637/12/M/J/13 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over For Examiner’s Use (d) Describe the three advantages of shop bought baby food and three advantages of homemade baby food. Advantages Homemade baby food 1 … … 2 … … 3 … … Shop bought baby food 1 … … 2 … … 3 … … [6] (e) List the five main food groups. Give one example of a food for each group which would be suitable for a two year old child. 1 … … 2 … … 3 … … 4 … … 5 … …[5] [Total: 50 marks]

8 0637/12/M/J/13 © UCLES 2013 Section C Answer one question. Answer (a) or (b) of this question. Write your answers on the following pages. 11 (a) Discuss a range of equipment parents might use to make their homes safer for their children. Describe the use of each. Explain factors that parents may consider when selecting safety equipment for their home. [Total: 20 marks] OR (b) Explain a range of provisions available for children who are sick or who have special needs. Identify a voluntary organisation that might support the child and their family and describe their role. [Total: 20 marks] [Total: 100 marks]

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12 0637/12/M/J/13 © UCLES 2013 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. BLANK PAGE

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2013 series 0637 CHILD DEVELOPMENT 0637/12 Paper 1 (Theory Paper), maximum raw mark 100 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2013 series for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level components and some Ordinary Level components.

Page 2 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2013 0637 12 © Cambridge International Examinations 2013 Section A 1 Cystic Fibrosis, Haemophilia, Thalassaemia, Sickle Cell anaemia, Muscular Dystrophy, Phenylketonuria (PKU) This is not an exhaustive list. [1] 2 Housing, finances, stability of relationship, age, health, career plan, family pressure, social pressure, etc. [3] 3 Candidates are not expected to name individual procedures. Assisted conception – (IUI, IVF, ICSI,GIFT) all acceptable Surgery Medicine Sperm and egg donation. [2] 4 Regular weighing. [1] 5 Use of the large muscles. Any variant that contains developing large muscles. Examples might include climbing, jumping, hopping, skipping, etc. [2] 6 Multiple possibilities of answers. Possible responses might include: Crossing roads – children could be run over – use a pelican crossing/ underpass, etc. Water – drowning – supervise child at all times and avoid steep banked rivers/canals. Eating berries – could be poisonous – supervise when in woodland/ hedgerow areas. Garden tools – sharp edges could injure child – keep locked in shed/garage. Dogs – could bite children – dogs should be kept on a lead, do not allow children to touch dogs. Any reasonable response should be marked. [12] 7 Clean the area with soapy water, dry and apply a dressing if required. Two of italics for full points. [2] 8 (a) Awareness of passing urine or faeces, interest in toilet or others using it, has dry /clean nappy after long period of time, dislikes being wet/dirty, is able to communicate needs, is happy to sit on potty or toilet, wakes in the morning with a dry/clean nappy. [4] (b) Do not chastise Offer praise/reward Provide a potty at all times Do not force to sit on potty. [3] [Total: 30]

Page 3 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2013 0637 12 © Cambridge International Examinations 2013 Section B 9 (a) Answer and brief advantage could include: Purpose – Monitors growth of baby Need – informs medical staff about low birth weight or birth choices for mum. Purpose – screening for abnormalities Need – helps prepare parents in advance or birth or to decide whether or not to continue with pregnancy. Purpose – early identification of problems Need – allows for early medical treatment. Purpose – emotional support Need – helps parents to prepare for emotional changes of becoming a parent. Purpose – build relationship with healthcare staff Need – so they are familiar at the birth. Purpose – physical preparation for birth Need – helps to manage pain and make choices for pain relief. Purpose – monitor mums health Need – to make sure she is not developing illness. Purpose – meeting other mums Need – to be for emotional and social support. Purpose – health advice and reassurance Need – to prevent anxiety. Purpose – information Need – on social support about local provision and activities. [6] (b) Low birth weight, weak muscle tone, low iron/calcium/blood sugar, sealed eyes, under developed lungs, inability to suck, jaundiced, red and wrinkled skin, weak immune system, large head in comparison to body. [6] (c) Multiple births, large baby, pelvis deformity, fibroids, HIV mother, low lying placenta, breech presentation, previous caesarean sections, preference, active genital herpes. [5] (d) Sucking reflex – When anything is put into the mouth the baby immediately sucks. Rooting reflex – When touching the baby’s cheek they turn their head in search of mothers nipple. Grasp reflex – When an object is put into the baby’s hand they close their hand tightly. Walking reflex – When held upright on a flat surface baby’s step as if walking. Startle or Moro reflex – When the baby feels that it is falling, it flings its arms out. Name and explanation must be clearly given to achieve full marks. [6] (e) A condition or disability (1) that is present at birth (1) [2] 10 (a) Mother – Helps the uterus/womb to shrink more quickly, promotes bonding, reduces risk of ovarian and breast cancer, periods take longer to return, quick – no need to prepare bottles, cheaper, instant. (4) Baby – Contains antibodies to fight infection, promotes bonding, less likely to get indigestion or constipation, may reduce risk of allergies and cot death, safer for health, offers immediate comfort.(4) [8]

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2013 0637 12 © Cambridge International Examinations 2013 (b) Four required for full marks answers could include: Discomfort following birth Embarrassment Concern about breast changes Dislike the idea HIV positive Want to leave their baby for long periods of time Illness. [4] (c) Answers could include: Dry lips, coughing, sticking out tongue, sunken fontanelle, lack of response, distress. (d) Homemade food Advantages: Fresh ingredients More interesting and varied diet Less expensive Baby eats same as rest of family Discourages fussy eaters Can be frozen No additives Know what is in food. Shop brought food Advantages: Quick and easy Portable when out and about Suitable amount for age Range of foods Nutritionally balanced Can be colour and flavouring free Hygienically packaged Lumps added in stages to encourage chewing. (e) Protein – Fish, chicken eggs, soya, beans etc (any correct answer acceptable). Carbohydrate – Bread, pasta, cereal, rice, potato (any correct answer acceptable). Fat – butter, ice cream, cheese (any correct answer acceptable). Vitamins – Fruit, vegetables, meat, oily fish (any correct answer acceptable). Minerals – Milk, red meat, cheese yoghurt (any correct answer acceptable). Suggested food needs to be suitable for a two-year old. Type of food will be acceptable for example vitamins from oranges. There will be many possible correct answers to this question (point for each). [5] [Total: 50]

Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2013 0637 12 © Cambridge International Examinations 2013 Section C 11 (a) Variety of possible correct answers equipment could include: Stair gates (a metal or wooden gate that fits across doorways) to prevent children from climbing or falling downstairs or to prevent access to a room. Socket covers (plastic prongs that fit into electrical sockets) to be placed into electric sockets to stop the risk of electrocution from putting items into sockets. Door locks (plastic or metal locks that can be used high up on doors) to prevent children from accessing rooms. Cupboard and drawer locks (locks that are often hidden in drawer) to prevent children from opening cupboards or drawers that might contain sharp objects or substances that could harm them if consumed. Thermometers to measure room, bath or food temperature. Room temperature needs to be kept cool to prevent the risk of cot death. Bath water and food could burn the child if they are too hot. Oven guard (a piece of plastic that sits on the front of oven door) prevents the baby from touching the door whilst the oven is in use so reduces risk of burning. Baby monitor (a two way listening device that plugs into electric socket in babies room when sleeping), provides monitoring of the baby whilst sleeping to help alert parents to any potential problems. Door bumpers (foam cushions used at top of doors) prevent the door from slamming onto children’s fingers. Bath mat (rubber sticky mat that adheres to bottom of the bath) helps to stop the baby from slipping and injuring self or drowning. Possible factors parents consider might include: Cost, need, longevity of item, whether they think the child will need it, age of child/baby, advice from professionals, family, friends, potential hazards present in the home, availability of items. 0–6 marks – Low level response such as listing instead of describing items. Stating fewer than 3 safety items, not explaining the use of each, or giving limited information that does not adequately describe purpose. Factors considered by parents weak or not attempted. One section missing completely or unsafe suggestions. 7–12 marks – Medium response, each area attempted but with some weaknesses in parts. Repetition of responses and basic, most obvious answers given. Limited development of ideas. 13–20 marks – High response. All areas are answered fully with development of each. The suggestions are well described and their purpose is clearly explained as to the risk for children and how it is overcome. There are creative suggestions that demonstrate depth of knowledge and understanding. Or (b) Answers will be wide ranging due to differences in location. A range is expected to be two or more. This might include health services available such as speech therapists, physiotherapists, specialist consultants. Care services such as – respite care, foster families. Education services such as schools or nurseries. Therapeutic services such as – counsellors, play therapists, sensory centres and play centres. There should be explanation of what the service does and how it supports children who are unwell or have special educational needs.

Page 6 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper IGCSE – May/June 2013 0637 12 © Cambridge International Examinations 2013 Voluntary services may be universal, national or local. An example could be the NSPCC or Save the Children. The purpose of the organisation should be stated – e.g. this service offers free education for children with disabilities. An explanation should be given as to how the organisation supports both the child and the family. Although the responses will be highly individual, the explanation of the service and its role should be clear in the response. 0–6 marks – Low level response, not all areas have been covered and there is basic information in other areas. The provision does not relate specifically to children with special educational needs of sickness and illness. Voluntary organisation is not explained or is incorrect. 7–12 marks – Medium response, each part has been attempted and there is identification of two provisions. Limited information given, little development of answers. 13–20–marks – High response, two provisions are identified and their purpose is clearly explained. The role of the voluntary provision is described in detailed and is correct. [20]