Cambridge A Level English General Paper 8021 — 2020 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 3

1 (a) Summarise the arguments in favour of wearing school uniform raised by members of the audience. Answer in about 80 words using continuous prose. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [8] (b) Identify and explain four arguments against wearing school uniform raised by members of the audience. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [8] (c) In your opinion, explain two advantages and state one disadvantage of a school providing a uniform for the children to put on at school everyday. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [5] (d) Of the four audience members, explain whose argument you think is the most credible. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [2] (e) Of the four audience members, explain whose argument you think is the least credible. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [2] [Total: 25]

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a) Summarise the arguments in favour of wearing school uniform raised by 8 members of the audience. Answer in about 80 words using continuous prose. Maintains authority of the school with strict uniform code/ clear expectations and boundaries set. Simple for parents – no arguing over what to wear in morning. Teaches children that sometimes they just have to fit in Levels the playing field between rich and poor children – promotes equality/ democracy. Reduces bullying – as all children start on a level playing field and no one is different (e.g. amount of money spent on own clothes/ brands etc). Creates a sense of community and belonging/ collective pride. Create a sense of identity which may build a sense of community. Gets you in the right frame of mind for learning/ differentiates between learning and free time (own clothes). Good idea on school trips to identify each other – this can good for safety. If they earn the uniform it creates a sense of pride/achievement. In assessing each answer award marks look for a coherent appraisal, clearly expressed, of three or more relevant considerations that makes use of analytical skills (Level 4 8–7 marks). Minimum number of two members of the audience cited. Any relevant content above 80 words will not be credited. 1(a) Level Mark(s) Descriptors 4 8–7 • Capacity to interpret evidence and sustained ability to present relevant arguments, analysis and exemplification maintaining a strong focus on the main issues in the question. • Comprehensive approach demonstrating ability to identify and select relevant information, data, concepts and opinions and maintain a strong focus on the key issues. • Shows the ability to communicate clearly and accurately in a fluent and organised manner. 3 6–5 • Moderate range of arguments, analysis and exemplification covering some of the main issues in the question. • Demonstrating some grasp of the nature of key issues but with a restricted range or a loss of focus leading to the inclusion of some irrelevant material. • Shows the ability to communicate clearly and accurately in a fluent and organised manner. 2 4–3 • Limited analysis shown in a response consisting of mainly undeveloped material. • A modest range of selected points, perhaps some of which are irrelevant or incorrect. • Ability to convey meaning but with limited powers of expression with some errors in spelling, punctuation or grammar which impede the flow and hinder communication. 1 2–1 • Some simple, mainly unexplained or undeveloped points or perhaps a very narrow range – with little interpretation or analysis and little development or exemplification. • Limited range, dubious choice showing restricted appreciation of key issues. • Ability to convey meaning but with limited powers of expression with some errors in spelling, punctuation or grammar which impede the flow and hinder communication. 0 0 • A mark of zero should be awarded for no creditable content. 1(b) Identify and explain four arguments against wearing school uniform 8 raised by members of the audience. Uniform represses individuality and personality/ depersonalises the children, (1) because everyone looks the same. (1) Uniform rules encourage children to break them, (1) because children like to test authority. (1) Uniform rules can be too strict (1) and children may feel oppressed. (1) Using uniform rules to improve behaviour does not always work (1) and more positive behaviour management strategies are lost (1) / and behaviour can become worse. (1) Priority should be given to teaching confident expression in students (1) rather than e.g. enforcing how long a skirt is. (1) Uniform only works if it is something to aspire to (1) – acquire different pieces as go through school. (1) Levelling others does not always work (1) as poorer children can still be recognised by the quality of their shoes, fit of clothes etc. (1) Children customise the uniform anyway to express their individuality (1) so makes it invalid. (1) 1(c) In your opinion, explain two advantages and state one disadvantage of a 5 school providing a uniform for the children to put on at school everyday. Advantages 4 marks Control over quality (1) reduces the variety e.g. of trousers. (1) Control over what wearing (1) makes sure students actually wear a full uniform. (1) Avoids the ‘I have forgotten.’ scenario (1) which can be disruptive. (1) Mindset – changing into uniform, ‘on duty’ etc. (1) may make better learning environment. (1) Uniform becomes something to aspire to (1) and therefore promotes better attitudes. (1) Helps to keep uniforms clean (1) if students play or work after school. (1) If school provides the uniform this would save families money (1) removes an obstacle from attending school. (1) Any other reasonable point. Disadvantages 1 mark Cost Laundry issues Students don’t have to take responsibility for their own uniform. Supply – organising supply etc. Having the right sizes Storage of hundreds of uniforms Any other reasonable point 1(d) Of the four audience members, explain whose argument you think is 2 the most credible? Credible argument is one that is most believable – backed up with evidence, avoiding hyperbole etc. The student – he sees both sides and has first-hand experience of wearing it and following rules. His examples are based on experience. The teacher – ‘I have had experience of teaching both uniform and non- uniform schools’ so she can see both sides of the debate; gives a balanced argument. The psychologist – presume will have access to lots of research and observes students. The parent – first-hand experience of the simplicity of it; 4 children so will have seen a lot of different experiences; has seen both the negative and the positive side. 1(e) Of the four audience members, explain whose argument you think is 2 the least credible? Argument that is the least believable – backed up with evidence, avoiding hyperbole etc. Any of the adults as they do not have to wear it (although they may have done so in past as students themselves). Child psychologist – least first-hand experience (on a daily basis). Mother – could be a traditional parent/child argument. Teacher – she does not have to wear a uniform, may have a narrow experience of working in one school for 10 years.

2 (a) Identify the words or phrases in the material that mean the same as the following phrases: (i) people quickly replace things, once they have broken, with new products, rather than have them repaired (paragraph 4) ................................................................................................................................ [1] (ii) a lot to be done (paragraph 5) ................................................................................................................................ [1] (iii) plan and make something using guidelines which aim to reduce its impact on the environment (paragraph 6) ................................................................................................................................ [1] (b) According to the material, identify two reasons why some people might find a Fairphone ‘liberating’ to use. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [2] (c) Identify and explain four features of a Fairphone that make it more socially and environmentally sustainable. (lines 9–34) Answer in your own words as far as possible. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [8] (d) Explain the meaning of the following two words as used in the material. You may write your answers as one word or a short phrase. (i) open-plan (line 43 and line 50) ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [1] (ii) clad (line 52) ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [1] (e) Explain three ways in which the company’s office headquarters promotes its environmental conscience. Answer in about 60 words using continuous prose. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [6] (f) Using the material and your own knowledge, suggest why electronic waste is such a problem. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [4] [Total: 25]

Mark scheme: 2(a) Identify the words or phrases in the material that mean the same as the following phrases: 2(a)(i) People quickly replace things once they have broken, with new 1 products rather than have them repaired (paragraph 4). (Our) throw-away society. 1 × 1mark 2(a)(ii) A lot to be done (paragraph 5). 1 A mountain to climb. 1 × 1 mark 2(a)(iii) Plan and make something using guidelines which aim to reduce the 1 impact on the environment (paragraph 6). Sustainable design principles. 1 × 1 mark 2(b) According to the material, identify two reasons why some people 2 might find a Fairphone ‘liberating’ to use. The owner can use any existing micro USB charger that he or she already possesses. Virtually no apps. Easily linked to apps. A modular design which can be repaired and upgraded by the owner. Customers like the idea that they are choosing a phone that is concerned with ethics and sustainability. 2 × 1 2(c) Identify and explain four features of a Fairphone that make it more 8 socially and environmentally sustainable. (lines 9–34) Answer in your own words as far as possible. Socially Some use of conflict free minerals – tin and tatalum, (1) although not all, such as cobalt, are guaranteed free of conflict so still can question source of materials. (1) Good practice in manufacturing (1) – pay workers a good salary and has good health and safety standards (1) welfare fund has been set up for these workers and a percentage of the money from each sale goes into this fund. (1) Proportion of the revenues from sales of phones goes into a pot of money for workers in the factory. (1) Environmentally Some element of environmental ethics – meant to last e.g. reduce the amount of electronic waste (1) by creating a phone that can be mended and improved by owner (1) rather than buy a new phone which reduces the amount of electronic waste. (1) 2(d) Explain the meaning of the following two words as used in the material. You may write your answers as one word or a short phrase 2(d)(i) Open-plan (line 43 and line 50) 1 Having no or few walls to divide an office/space, an office without walls. 1 × 1 mark 2(d)(ii) Clad – (line 52) 1 Attach a material to a wall e.g. wood. 1 × 1 mark 2(e) Explain three ways in which the company’s office headquarters 6 promotes its environmental conscience. Answer in about 60 words using continuous prose. It is in an existing building (1) so not building new office and using up materials that could be used for something else; (1) it has recycled furniture (1) (again re-using rather than consuming something that has to be created from scratch using resources and energy). They have used cladding for wall (1) which is a waste product from rubber production – reducing the amount going to waste/landfill and the possible impact on the environment. (1) They use natural light from large windows (1) so reducing the amount of energy needed in the form of electricity. (1) Open plan requires fewer internal walls and therefore uses fewer materials. Each point made must say how the action is sustainable/ environmentally friendly/displaying a conscience about the environment/world. Any relevant content above 60 words will not be credited. 3 × 2 or 2 × 3 for very well-developed point 2(f) Using the material and your own knowledge, suggest why electronic 4 waste is such a problem. From text: It is a constantly increasing amount of waste (1) – people throw away their old electrical devices (1) and just get new devices (1) rather than repair or upgrade their existing device. (1) From own knowledge: waste does not degrade or breakdown in the environment (1) so it stays around unless incinerated(?) (1) this can negatively impact on people (1) plastic in the devices does not decompose etc. Max 3 marks if only uses text or own knowledge