Cambridge A Level English General Paper 8021 — 2019 May/June Paper 2 · Variant 3

1 (a) Explain which one holiday the Jensen family should choose, considering the advantages and at least one disadvantage. You should concentrate on your chosen holiday and not refer to the other two holidays. Answer in about 100 words using continuous prose. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [10] (b) Explain which one holiday is least suitable for the Jensen family, considering four disadvantages and one advantage. You should concentrate on the least suitable holiday and not refer to the other two holidays. Answer using your own words as far as possible. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [10] (c) Which one piece of the additional information provided did you find least relevant in deciding which holiday to choose? Justify your choice. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [3] (d) Using the material provided, explain why Mr Jensen wants to keep the cost of the holiday within a reasonable budget. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [2] [Total: 25]

Mark scheme: Question Answer Marks 1(a) Explain which one holiday the Jensen family should choose, 10 considering the advantages and at least one disadvantage. You should concentrate on your chosen holiday and not refer to the other two holidays Answer in about 100 words using continuous prose. 10 marks Option X Arguments for • In the same country so may reduce travel time for Thomas who gets travel sick • Travelling by car may help Thomas as the family can stop if he feels sick • There is a pool – Renate can keep up her pool training, • Mrs Jensen can relax by the pool and read which is something she wants after a hard year’s work; • Thomas enjoys outdoor activities in water and there is kayaking and raft building • Sounds like a sporty family – swimming (Renate), most sports (Thomas) and basketball (Peter) so this could be ideal for them • There is a vegetarian option on the menu for Mrs Jensen • Mr Jensen wants to support national tourism and this is in their home country • Reasonably priced with offer on so links to Mr Jensen’s need to not pay too much • team-building activities may help the family bond together • time each day to do their own thing for example Mrs Jensen wants to read and relax • things to do in the evening to keep the family entertained Arguments against • In their own country so less likely to be warm which Mrs Jensen prefers • Not high-end accommodation and Mrs Jensen wants a ‘bit of luxury’ • Popular tourism destination may have traffic problems and slow their journey • Climbing activities might put off Peter who has a perceived fear of heights • They are already close- knit so may not need team-building activities • No opportunity to eat out at local restaurants which Mr Jensen wants to do 1(a) Option Y Arguments for: • Big enough for 5 people (the children could all have their own room) • There is a pool which would help Renate continue with her training • Southern location on island holiday implies good weather/link to northern hemisphere idea and southern position • Supermarket and market nearby for self-catering which could keep costs down (as per Mr Jensen’s wish) and give flexibility to cater for different diet needs e.g. vegetarian Mrs Jensen • Local restaurants nearby though to give Mr Jensen chance to indulge his wish to try local food • Bars and nightclub may be suitable for adults and children who are old enough • Peter is an architecture student so ancient ruins might be very interesting for him • Peter rides a motorcycle and these can be hired to explore the island. • There are also bicycles which the rest of the family can ride or they could all hire a car to explore Arguments against: • Premium price bracket plus additional costs of flights – Mr Jensen wants to keep within a reasonable budget; neither he nor his wife appear to be very high earners (teacher, middle manager) • Journey involves a flight and travel by boat to the island – this may not be favoured by Thomas who gets travel sick • No information about size of pool (villa pool may not large) – is it suitable for Renate? • No sports mentioned and the boys like water- and land-based sports 1(a) Option Z Arguments for: • 4 star and with a spa so will be luxurious which Mrs Jensen wants after a hard year at work • 3 swimming pools so it should be possible for Renate to continue with her training • There is a gym so might help Renate’s training regime • Southern location of island holiday implies good weather which Mrs Jensen is looking for • Range of restaurants should be able to cater for all tastes – Mr Jensen likes to try local foods • A range of sporting opportunities are available on land and sea which will suit Thomas and Peter Arguments against: • Grilled lobster is a speciality which Mr Jensen will be allergic to and therefore won’t be able to try despite him wanting to try local cuisine • It is the most expensive option and Mr Jensen wants to keep within a reasonable budget • It is only Bed and Breakfast so they will have to buy lunch and dinner which also increases the expense • the option of paragliding will not attract Peter who thinks he is afraid of heights • Thomas gets travel sick on any form of transport and it is the longest air journey • Peter has a perceived fear of heights so a long flight will not be attractive 1(a) Mark should be awarded for the coherent appraisal and clear expression of 4 or more relevant considerations that makes use of analytical skills. This should be balanced with both advantages and disadvantages. Mark(s) Descriptors • Capacity to interpret evidence and sustained ability to present relevant arguments, analysis and exemplification maintaining a strong focus on the main issues in the question. 10–9 • Comprehensive approach demonstrating ability to identify and select relevant information, data, concepts and opinions and maintain a strong focus on the key issues. • Shows the ability to communicate clearly and accurately in a fluent and organised manner. • Moderate range of arguments, analysis and exemplification covering some of the main issues in the question. • Demonstrating some grasp of the nature of key issues but 8–6 with a restricted range or a loss of focus leading to the inclusion of some irrelevant material. • Shows the ability to communicate clearly and accurately in a fluent and organised manner. • Limited analysis shown in a response consisting of mainly undeveloped material. • A modest range of selected points, perhaps some of which are irrelevant or incorrect. 5–3 • Ability to covey meaning but with limited powers of expression with some errors in spelling, punctuation or grammar which impede the flow and hinder communication. • Some simple, mainly unexplained or undeveloped points or perhaps a very narrow range – with little interpretation or analysis and little development or exemplification. • Limited range, dubious choice showing restricted 2–1 appreciation of key issues. • Ability to covey meaning but with limited powers of expression with some errors in spelling, punctuation or grammar which impede the flow and hinder communication • A mark of zero should be awarded for no creditable 0 content. 1(b) Explain which one holiday is least suitable for the Jensen family, 10 considering four disadvantages and one advantage. You should concentrate on the least suitable holiday and not refer to the other two holidays. Answer using your own words as far as possible Option X Arguments against • In their own country so less likely to be warm (1) which Mrs Jensen prefers (1) • Not high-end accommodation (1) which may put Mrs Jensen off as she wants to treat herself/treated well(1) • It is a busy holiday location (1) and may have traffic problems which might affect their journey time (1) and this is bad for Thomas as he gets carsick(1) • There are climbing activities (1) which might put off Peter who could be afraid of being high up (1) • They are already close to each other (1) so may not need/want the chance to work together as a team (1) • No opportunity to eat out at local restaurants(1) which Mr Jensen wants to do(1) Arguments for: • Closer to home (1) so reduces travel time for Thomas who gets travel sick and they can stop the journey if needed (1) • There is a pool (1) - Renate can keep up her pool training (1) • Mrs Jensen can relax by the pool and read (1) which is something she wants after working hard (1) • Thomas enjoys outdoor activities in water (1) and there is canoeing • Sounds like a sporty family – swimming (Renate), most sports (Thomas) and basketball (Peter) (1) so this could be ideal for them with lots on offer (1) • There is a vegetarian option on the menu (1) for Mrs Jensen (1) • Mr Jensen wants to support national tourism (1) and this is in their home country (1) • Reasonably priced with offer(1) so links to Mr Jensen’s need to not pay too much (1) 1(b) Option Y Arguments against: • High season cost plus additional costs of flights (1) – Mr Jensen wants to keep within a reasonable budget (1); neither he nor his wife appear to be very high earners (teacher, middle manager) (1) • Journey involves a flight and travel by boat to the island (1) – this may not be favoured by Thomas who gets travel sick(1) • No information about size of pool (1), is it suitable for Renate with her training regime?(1) • No opportunity for sports which Thomas enjoys (and Peter basketball) (1) except swimming • Peter may not enjoy flying (1) if he has a fear of heights(1) Arguments for: • Big enough for 5 people (1) (the children could all have their own room)(1) • There is a pool which would help Renate continue with her training (1) (as long as it is big enough) (1) • Southern location on island holiday implies good weather/link to northern hemisphere idea and southern position (1) • Supermarket and market nearby for cooking for themselves (1) which could keep costs down (as per Mr Jensen’s wish) and give flexibility to cater for different diet needs e.g. vegetarian Mrs Jensen (1) • Local restaurants nearby though (1) to give Mr Jensen chance to indulge his wish to try local food (1) • Dance club/places to drink (1) and may be suitable for adults and children who are old enough (1) • Peter is an architecture student (1) so very old buildings/ancient heritage might be very interesting for him (1) • Peter knows how to ride a motorcycle (1) and these can be hired to go round the island (1) • There are also bicycles which the rest of the family can ride (1) or they could all hire a car to find out about the island (1) 1(b) Option Z Arguments against: • Grilled lobster is famous local dish (1) which Mr Jensen will be allergic to and therefore won’t be able to try despite him wanting to try local cuisine (1) • It seems expensive option (1) and Mr Jensen wants to keep prices down (1) • Only breakfast is included (1) so they will have to buy lunch and dinner which also increases the expense (1) • The flight is long (1) and Thomas may get travel sick (1) • It is the longest air journey (1): a long journey may put off Peter who has problem with heights (1) Arguments for: • High end hotel and with a (luxury) treatments so will be luxurious (1) which Mrs Jensen wants after working hard (1) • There are swimming pools (1) so it should be possible for Renate to continue with her training (1) • There is a fitness room (1) so might help Renate’s training plan (1) • Southen location of island holiday implies good weather (1) which Mrs Jensen is looking for (1) • Range of restaurants should be able to cater for all tastes (1) Mr Jensen likes to try local foods and Mrs Jensen vegetarian (1) • A range of sporting opportunities are available on land and sea (1) which will suit Thomas and Peter (1) 1(c) Which one piece of information provided did you find the least relevant 3 in deciding which holiday to choose? Justify your choice. The most obviously irrelevant piece of information is 7, but answers can make a case for any others in the Additional information section. For example Point 7 (1) because Renate is dyslexic and struggles with reading ( 1) Any difficulties she may encounter with reading (1) would be similar irrespective of the holiday chosen (1). 1(d) Using the material provided, explain why Mr Jensen wants to keep the 2 cost of the holiday within a reasonable budget. • They have a second child about to go to university so will need to support him and still have one left who may also go to university (1) • Supporting Peter at university may have drained their finances as university fees are very high (1) • He has 3 children- it is expensive to raise children (1) • Not the most high-paying jobs (1)

2 (a) Describe three features of Petrov’s typical working day in the Serpukhov-15 base. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [3] (b) Identify evidence in the material to suggest Petrov and his team of computer operators panicked when the system indicated a missile had been launched from the USA. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [5] (c) Explain the meaning of the following phrases as they are used in the material. You may write each answer in one word or a short phrase. (i) ‘jaunty strains’ (line 5) ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [1] (ii) ‘money got tight’ (line 56) ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [1] (d) Explain what you think the author means by: (i) ‘Small wonder that, when it was over, he felt wrung out.’ (line 44) Answer in about 30 words. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [3] (ii) ‘in such febrile times, one rooster crowing was likely to set off all the others in the village.’ (lines 48–49) Answer in about 30 words. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [3] (e) Compare the treatment of Petrov by his bosses at the time of the incident and by those people in the West after 1998. Answer in your own words as far as possible. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [6] (f) State three pieces of evidence from the material to explain why Petrov ‘was often tetchy with reporters’. (lines 61–62) ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [3] [Total: 25]

Mark scheme: 2(a) Describe three features of Petrov’s typical working day in the 3 Serpukhov-15 base. • He worked in a glass-room overlooking another with 200 computer operators • He was in charge • He had to monitor OKO satellite surveillance of missile launch areas in US • He use an electronic world map which lit up the American launch areas for nuclear missiles. • Typically the screen was a dull red, meaning nothing was happening with regard to the missiles • He worked regular command shifts • They had supper and a smoke • By 10pm they waited for the late-night orbit: all was quiet • It was combat duty but nothing much happened • Allow ‘boring’ as this is implied • He completed an operations log each night/reporting to superiors 2(b) Identify evidence in the material to suggest Petrov and his team of 5 computer operators panicked when the system indicated a missile had been launched from the USA. Team • people leapt from their seats (the alarm had gone off) • Everyone looked up at him (for direction) Petrov • he had frozen • he was scared stiff • he roared at everyone to get back to work/shouted at people • he had difficulty picking up the phone (when he called his commanders) • hands shaking • his chair had felt red-hot as a frying pan (couldn’t sit down) • his legs limp as cotton 2(c)(i) Explain the meaning of the following phrases as they are used in the 1 material. You may write the answer in one word or a short phrase jaunty strains (line 37) light music melody; happy notes; lively music; confident music; carefree music 2(c)(ii) Explain the meaning of the following phrases as they are used in the 1 material. You may write the answer in one word or a short phrase money got tight ( line 42–43) he did not have a lot of income/ he did not have a lot of cash/ strapped for cash ran out of cash/ squeezed for income 2(d)(i) Explain what you think the author means by: 3 ‘Small wonder that, when it was over, he felt wrung out.’ (line 44) Answer in about 30 words It is no surprise (1)/ it is not beyond belief (1) that when the event had passed/when the crisis has passed (1) Petrov felt exhausted/drained emotionally/spent (1) OR The experience was a stressful one (1) so it is understandable that he felt exhausted (1) as if his body had been squeezed out like a cloth (1) 3 × 1 Any content above 30 words gains no credit. 2(d)(ii) ‘in such febrile times, one rooster crowing was likely to set off all the 3 others in the village.’ Line (49–49) Answer in about 30 words The situation was so tense/ fevered (1) that if one person set off the alarm (1) like a cockerel in the morning (1) and panicked (1) everyone else was likely to follow and do the same (1) credit idea of panic setting off a (nuclear) war; Credit any other reasonable answer that reflects understanding of the phrase 3 × 1 Any content above 30 words gains no credit. 2(e) Compare the treatment of Petrov by his bosses at the time of the 6 incident to that by those people in the West after 1998. Answer in your own words as far as possible. 6 marks General point about poor treatment by the USSR(1) and the West treated him better (1) Those in charge in the USSR [generals and the famous professors, who had invented the early warning system] (1) felt humiliated (1) because he has shown that a very expensive system (1) had a fault (1); he was punished for not filling in the right paperwork (1) rather than being thanked because he had shamed them (1). A junior employee should never show up those above him (1). The event was kept secret (1) However when those in USA and Europe (1) found out what he had done he was applauded/praised/treated like a hero (1); he travelled around the US (1) had a film made about him (1) and was given an award for peace (1) recognised him as the man who saved the world (1) Developed points can be credited. Comparison must be obvious 2(f) State three pieces of evidence from the material to explain why Petrov 3 ‘was often tetchy with reporters’. (lines 61–62) • He was bitter over his treatment by the Soviet military/government • He felt he had done nothing but his duty • His flat was small and grubby/ with a bare kitchen • Nothing to show for his act/career except a TV from colleagues when he left • and all he got when he retired was free installation of a phone by army • Unable to afford the telephone bill/phone been cut off • Not an illustrious end for someone who averted nuclear war • lonely, wife had died • fed up with reporters harassing him/press intrusion