Cambridge A Level Chinese - Language (AS Level only) 8681 — 2018 Oct/Nov Paper 2 · Variant 2

This document consists of 6 printed pages, 2 blank pages and 1 Insert. DC (SC) 168229 © UCLES 2018 [Turn over Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary Level * 0 0 5 6 0 4 0 1 2 2 * CHINESE LANGUAGE 8681/22 Paper 2 Reading and Writing October/November 2018 1 hour 45 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces at the top of this page. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions in Chinese in the spaces provided. Dictionaries are not permitted. You should keep to any word limits given in the questions. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. 请先阅读以下提示 请在本页上方的空格内填写考试中心编号、考生号和考生姓名。 用深蓝色或黑色圆珠笔填写和答题。 不要使用订书针、回形针、胶水或涂改液。 不要在条码上写字。 请用中文在所提供的空白处回答所有问题。 考试中不得使用字典。 请遵守字数限制规定。 每道题或分题的分值标在题末的方括号 [ ] 里。

2 8681/22/O/N/18 © UCLES 2018 第一部分 阅读插页中的短文一，然后在本考卷上回答问题 1、2 和 3。 1 从短文一中找出与以下词语或词组意思最接近的词语或词组。 例如：一直 (第一段) 回答：始终 (a) 支持 (第一段) … [1] (b) 积聚 (第二段) … [1] (c) 了解 (第三段) … [1] (d) 喧嚣(第三段) … [1] (e) 鼓励 (第四段) … [1] [总分：5] 2 用括号中的词语重写短文一中的下列各句，并保持句子原意。 例如： 我们对人生的认识从童话故事开始。（是……的） 回答： 我们对人生的认识是从童话故事开始的。 (a) 阅读，始终是人生最舒心，甚至可以讲是最幸福的行为之一。(不仅……而且……) … [1] … [1] (b) 这些文字有如春雨润物细无声。(像……一样) … [2] … [2] (c) 有书在手，我不会觉得孤寂。(只要……就……) … [2] … [2] [总分：5]

3 8681/22/O/N/18 © UCLES 2018 [Turn over 3 根据短文一用中文回答下列问题，不要整句地照抄原文。 (各题的分数显示在题后括号内。此外，答题语言质量分为 5 分。总分: 15 + 5 = 20) (a) 为什么说书本是人的一生中的知己？ … [3] … [2] (b) 根据文章，文字有哪两种功能？ … [3] … [2] (c) 根据文章，说说诗歌会给人带来什么情感波动？ … [3] … [2] (d) 文章中的 “我们对人生的认识” 是从什么书籍中获取的？ … [3] … [2] (e) 根据张涵的话，读书对人有哪些正面影响？请列出三点。 … [3] … [3] … [3] … [3] (f) 根据文章最后一段，读书有哪些益处？请列出四点。 … [3] … [3] … [3] … [3] … [4] [总分: 20]

4 8681/22/O/N/18 © UCLES 2018 第二部分 阅读插页中的短文二，然后在本考卷上回答问题 4 和 5。 4 根据短文二用中文回答下列问题，不要整句地照抄原文。 (各题的分数显示在题后括号内。此外，答题语言质量分为 5 分。总分: 15 + 5 = 20) (a) 联合国教科文组织为什么设立“世界读书日”？ … [2] … [2] … [2] … [3] (b) 解释说明读书是一个人人都能享受的乐趣。 … [3] … [3] … [3] … [3] (c) 英国的这所中学在今年的读书日举办了哪些活动？ … [3] … [3] … [2] (d) 说一说大卫在今年的特别活动前的心情和活动后的想法。 … [3] … [3] … [2] (e) 韩国政府为什么在读书日发行纪念邮票？ … [3] … [3] … [2]

5 8681/22/O/N/18 © UCLES 2018 [Turn over (f) 读书日这天，在中国开展的各类活动的目的是什么？ … [3] … [3] … [3] … [3] [总分: 20]

6 8681/22/O/N/18 © UCLES 2018 5 用中文完成以下两题，总字数不要超过 200 个字。 (各题的分数显示在题后括号内。此外，答题语言质量分为 5 分。总分: 15 + 5 = 20) (a) 结合短文一和短文二的内容，谈谈读书和世界读书日对个人和社会的影响。 [10] (b) 请谈谈你对这方面的了解、体验和看法。 [5] [总分: 20] 200 300

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8 8681/22/O/N/18 © UCLES 2018 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. BLANK PAGE

This document consists of 20 printed pages. © UCLES 2018 [Turn over Cambridge Assessment International Education Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary Level CHINESE LANGUAGE 8681/22 Paper 2 Reading and Writing October/November 2018 MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 70 Published This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2018 series for most Cambridge IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level components.

8681/22 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 2 of 20 Generic Marking Principles These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking principles. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1: Marks must be awarded in line with: • the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question • the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question • the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2: Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions). GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3: Marks must be awarded positively: • marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate • marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do • marks are not deducted for errors • marks are not deducted for omissions • answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous. GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4: Rules must be applied consistently e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level descriptors.

8681/22 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 3 of 20 GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5: Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen). GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6: Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade descriptors in mind.

8681/22 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 4 of 20 2 General Marking Principles 2.1 Please note that it is not possible to list all acceptable alternatives in the Detailed Mark Scheme provided on the following pages. You will need to consider all alternative answers and unexpected approaches in candidates' scripts, make a decision on whether they communicate the required elements, in consultation with your Team Leader if necessary, and award marks accordingly. 2.2 Crossing out: (a) If a candidate changes his/her mind over an answer and crosses out an attempt, award a mark if the final attempt is correct. (b) If a candidate crosses out an answer to a whole question but makes no second attempt at it, mark the crossed out work. 2.3 Annotation used in marking: (a) BOD = Benefit of the Doubt and is used to indicate material considered by the Examiner and judged to be more correct than incorrect: the benefit of the doubt is given to the candidate and the mark is awarded. (b) NBOD = No Benefit of the Doubt and is used to indicate material considered by the Examiner and judged to be more incorrect than correct: the benefit of the doubt is not given to the candidate and the mark is not awarded. (c) caret = to indicate where something which is key to the response is missing. 2.4 No response and '0' marks There is a NR (No Response) option in RM Assessor. Award NR (No Response): • If there is nothing written at all in the answer space or • If there is only a comment which does not in any way relate to the question being asked (e.g. 'can’t do' or 'don’t know') or • If there is only a mark which isn’t an attempt at the question (e.g. a dash, a question mark). Award 0: • If there is any attempt that earns no credit. This could, for example, include the candidate copying all or some of the question, or any working that does not earn any marks, whether crossed out or not.

8681/22 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 5 of 20 Detailed Mark Scheme Section 1 Question Answer Marks Guidance Question 1 Minor character errors in transcription (missing or additional strokes) are tolerated provided that the meaning is clear and that a different character is not created. Accept Minor omissions in the body of the phrase. 1(a) 扶助 1 1(b) 汇集 1 1(c) 认识 1 1(d) 嘈杂 1 1(e) 激发 1

8681/22 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 6 of 20 Question Answer Marks Guidance Question 2 Candidates either get full marks for each question or zero. No partial marks are awarded. The following are examples of the way in which the answers could be expressed. Answers should retain the same meaning and contain all the necessary elements of the phrase to be reworked. 2(a) 阅读不仅（始终）是人生最舒心，而且（可以讲）是最幸福的行为 之一。 1 Reject 阅读不仅是人生最舒心而且甚至是最幸福的行为 之一。 阅读不仅是最舒心而且是最幸福的行为之一。 阅读不仅是人生最舒心而且是最幸福的。 2(b) 这些文字像春雨一样润物细无声。 这些文字像春雨润物一样细无声。 这些文字像春雨润物细无声一样。 2 Reject 这些文字像春雨一样润物无声。because of missing 细 这些文字润物像春雨一样细无声。 2(c) 只要（有）书在手，我就不（会）觉得孤寂。 只要（有）书在手，我就不会（觉得）孤寂。 2 只要书在手，我就不孤寂。

8681/22 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 7 of 20 Question Answer Marks Guidance Question 3 Lifting = a whole sentence taken from the text will usually invalidate an answer unless further original explanation is offered. The definition of a whole sentence is a complete unit of meaning which could be from a full stop to a semicolon or from a full stop to a full stop. If (and only if) all the words in the reject column appear in the answer unchanged, reject as a ‘lift’. Annotate this using the LM stamp (Lifted Material). It is not uncommon for candidates to ‘lift’ and then go on to rephrase acceptably, in which case indicate the lift using LM stamp but reward the rephrase. 3(a) 为什么说书本是人的一生中的知己？ 2 书本是人的良师/益友 1 The long lift should be rejected: 人的一生中可以有很多 知己,既是你的良师，又是你的益友，并且一辈子对你不 离不弃，扶助你走完人生之旅，它们就是书本。 书本一辈子对你不离不弃 / 扶助你走完人生之旅 1 3(b) 根据文章，文字有哪两种功能 2 Reject 代表感情，表达信息 是情感汇集的升华 The long lift should be rejected: 文字可以传达信息，虽 然不能拥抱你，但可以表达情感，是情感汇集的升华。 传达信息 1 表达（传达）情感 1

8681/22 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 8 of 20 Question Answer Marks Guidance 3(c) 根据文章，说说诗歌会给人带来什么情感波动？ 2 振奋人心/使人振奋/激励人们积极向上 1 The long lift should be rejected: 唐诗中的“欲穷千里 目，更上一层楼”就能激励人们积极向上； “白发三千丈，缘愁似个长”则让人体会到诗人的悲伤 心境。 让人体会到诗人/作者的心情 1 3(d) 文章中的 “我们对人生的认识” 是从什么书籍中获取的？ 2 童话(故事) 1 Reject list of books 故事 The long lift should be rejected: 我们对人生的认识从童 话故事开始，白雪公主、美人鱼……，然后我们又从名 著中读到加西莫多、贾宝玉……，这些文字有如春雨润 物细无声，不知不觉中塑造着我们的灵魂。 名著 1

8681/22 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 9 of 20 Question Answer Marks Guidance 3(e) 根据张涵的话，读书对人有哪些正面影响？请列出三点。 3 平静内心/使人安静 1 Reject 心理疗法 净下来 青下来 消除负担 The long lift should be rejected: 读书爱好者张涵说：“ 读书是一种很好的心理疗法，它使我在嘈杂的环境中静 下来； 有书在手，我不会觉得孤寂。 此外，当工作压力大时，读一个好的故事会让所有的压 力都消失”。 让人不觉得孤寂 1 减除（轻）/消除压力 1 3(f) 根据文章最后一段，读书有哪些益处？请列出四点。 4 便宜/反复读 1 Reject 书籍使你专注地阅读 The long lift should be rejected: 如果你还需要更多的理 由激发你开始读书的话，试想一下：一本书有时不仅比 一张电影票更便宜，而且可以反复读； 还有人觉得书读得越多记忆力会越好； 互联网上常常有些简短的情节，但只有书籍里才包含完 整的故事； 书籍使你专注地阅读，从而提高你的注意力。 提高记忆力 1 （书籍中）有完整的故事 1 （书籍使你专注地阅读）提高注意力 1

8681/22 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 10 of 20 Quality of Language – Accuracy [5] 5 Very good Consistently accurate. Only very few errors of minor significance. Accurate use of more complex structures (verb forms, tenses, prepositions, word order). 4 Good Higher incidence of error than above, but clearly has a sound grasp of the grammatical elements in spite of lapses. Some capacity to use accurately more complex structures. 3 Sound Fair level of accuracy. Common tenses and regular verbs mostly correctly formed. Some problems in forming correct agreement of adjectives. Difficulty with irregular verbs, use of prepositions. 2 Below average Persistent errors in tense and verb forms. Prepositions frequently incorrect. Recurrent errors in agreement of adjectives. 0–1 Poor Little or no evidence of grammatical awareness. Most constructions incomplete or incorrect. Consistent and repeated error.

8681/22 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 11 of 20 Additional marking guidance for Quality of Language The five marks available for Quality of Language are awarded globally for the whole performance on each set of answers. A concise answer, containing all mark-bearing components for Content is scored on the full range of marks for language, i.e. length does not determine the Quality of Language mark. Answers scoring 0 for Content cannot contribute to the overall Quality of Language mark. Identify the answer(s) scoring 0 for Content in the whole set of answers. Then add together the number of Content marks available for each of these questions and reduce the Quality of Language mark according to the following table: Total Content marks available on questions where a candidate scores 0 Reduce Quality of Language mark by: 2–3 1 4–5 2 6–7 3 8–14 4 15 5 Note: A minimum of one mark for Quality of Language should be awarded if there are any Content marks at all (i.e. 0 Quality of Language marks only if 0 Content marks).

8681/22 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 12 of 20 Section 2 Question Answer Marks Guidance Question 4 Mark as Question 3 4(a) 联合国教科文组织为什么设立“世界读书日”? 3 感谢文学大师 1 The long lift should be rejected: 为了感谢杰出的文学大 师们，1995 年联合国教科文组织宣布 4 月 23 日为“世 界读书日”，并借此机会，推广对出版和知识产权的保 护，同时希望大家都能享受阅读的乐趣。 推广对出版/知识产权的保护 1 希望大家都能享受阅读的乐趣 1 4(b) 解释说明读书是人人都能享受的乐趣。 3 没有国籍之分/不分（不管）来自哪里 1 Accept 全球近100多个国家的人,不管年龄，贫富，都参 与到这项活动中 Reject 全球近100多个国家的人 无论年老还是年轻 (too short without further explanation) 无论贫穷还是富裕 (too short without further explanation) The long lift should be rejected: 目前，全球 100 多个国 家的人，无论年老还是年轻、贫穷还是富裕，都参与到 这项活动中。 没有年龄差异/不分年龄 1 没有贫富差异/不分贫富 1

8681/22 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 13 of 20 Question Answer Marks Guidance 4(c) 英国的这所中学在今年的读书日举办了哪些活动？ 2 交换书(籍) 1 Reject 邀请作家 The long lift should be rejected: 在英国的一所中学，书 籍交换是每年读书日的传统活动。 学生们相互交换旧书，这样每个人都会有一本“新 书”。 大卫说，“除了传统活动以外，去年我们按书中人物做 了模型，但是今年的活动更特别，因为我们和一位名作 家见面了！ 和作家见面 1 4(d) 大卫在今年的特别活动前后有什么样的心情和想法？ 2 激动（得睡不着觉）/兴奋 1 Reject 震撼很大 The long lift should be rejected: 见面会之前，我激动得 睡不着觉！ 我从没想过从事写作，但是这次的读书日对我震撼很 大，我将来也想当一名作家”。 想当作家/想从事写作 1 4(e) 韩国政府为什么在读书日发行纪念邮票？ 3 把阅读的风气传遍世界/推广阅读 1 Reject 建图书馆，图书建设 The long lift should be rejected: 韩国政府一般会在这天 发行纪念邮票，把阅读的风气随信件传遍世界每个角落 。 邮票发行的收入被投资到贫穷地区的图书馆建设中。 投资到贫穷地区的图书馆/在贫穷地区建图书馆 1

8681/22 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 14 of 20 Question Answer Marks Guidance 4(f) 读书日这天，在中国开展的各类活动的目的是什么？ 3 弘扬古典文学 1 Reject 了解时事 Reject 促进感情交流 The long lift should be rejected: 在中国，有的地方举办 儿童诗歌朗诵比赛，弘扬古典文学； 有的社区设立流动报刊亭，让更多的人了解时事； 有些学校举办“亲子阅读”活动来促进父母和孩子之间 的交流。 让大家了解时事 1 促进父母和孩子之间的交流 1

8681/22 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 15 of 20 Quality of Language – Accuracy [5] 5 Very good Consistently accurate. Only very few errors of minor significance. Accurate use of more complex structures (verb forms, tenses, prepositions, word order). 4 Good Higher incidence of error than above, but clearly has a sound grasp of the grammatical elements in spite of lapses. Some capacity to use accurately more complex structures. 3 Sound Fair level of accuracy. Common tenses and regular verbs mostly correctly formed. Some problems in forming correct agreement of adjectives. Difficulty with irregular verbs, use of prepositions. 2 Below average Persistent errors in tense and verb forms. Prepositions frequently incorrect. Recurrent errors in agreement of adjectives. 0–1 Poor Little or no evidence of grammatical awareness. Most constructions incomplete or incorrect. Consistent and repeated error.

8681/22 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 16 of 20 Additional marking guidance for Quality of Language The five marks available for Quality of Language are awarded globally for the whole performance on each set of answers. A concise answer, containing all mark-bearing components for Content is scored on the full range of marks for language, i.e. length does not determine the Quality of Language mark. Answers scoring 0 for Content cannot contribute to the overall Quality of Language mark. Identify the answer(s) scoring 0 for Content in the whole set of answers. Then add together the number of Content marks available for each of these questions and reduce the Quality of Language mark according to the following table: Total Content marks available on questions where a candidate scores 0 Reduce Quality of Language mark by: 2–3 1 4–5 2 6–7 3 8–14 4 15 5 Note: A minimum of one mark for Quality of Language should be awarded if there are any Content marks at all (i.e. 0 Quality of Language marks only if 0 Content marks).

8681/22 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 17 of 20 Question Answer Marks Guidance Question 5 Length of 5(a) + 5(b) (Summary and Personal Response) Writing within the character limit is part of the task. Insert the vertical wavy line after the 240th character to show the end of the response to be marked. No marks will be awarded for anything the candidate writes beyond the upper character limit. Content marks – Summary 10 points are required, but more than 10 are given below to outline possible points candidates could be expected to make. Each point scores one mark, with a maximum of 10 to be awarded for content. Please note that the points below are possible answers and are in note form, but that candidates are required to present their summary in continuous prose. The summary could include the following points (award 1 mark for each point covered up to a maximum of 10 points):

8681/22 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 18 of 20 Question Answer Marks Guidance 5(a) 用中文完成以下两题，总字数不要超过 200 个字。 (a) 结合短文一和短文二的内容, 谈谈读书和世界读书日对个人和社 会的影响。 [读书] • 阅读让人舒心，感到幸福 • 读书能激励人们积极向上 • 体会作者的心境 • 塑造着我们的灵魂/对人生的认识 • 读书是一种心理疗法：静心/不觉得孤寂/减压 • 读书能帮助提高记忆力 • 读书能提高注意力 [世界读书日] • 推广对出版和知识产权的保护 • 享受读书的乐趣 • （通过交换旧书/得到新书/发行邮票），推广阅读/增加阅读 机会 • 受激励，想从事写作行业 • 弘扬（古典）文学 • 让更多的人了解时事 • 促进父母和孩子的交流 10 Accept 陶冶情操/升华思想 for 塑造着我们的灵魂 Do not accept 资讯 for 时事

8681/22 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 19 of 20 Question Answer Marks Guidance Content marks – Response to the Text Mark like a mini-essay according to the variety and interest of the opinions and views expressed, the response to the original text stimulus and the ability to express a personal point of view. Further, more detailed guidance for particular questions will be given to examiners. 5(b) 请谈谈你对这方面的了解、体验和看法。 5 Very good Varied and interesting ideas, showing an element of flair and imagination, a capacity to express a personal point of view. 4 Good Not the flair and imagination of the best candidates, but work still shows an ability to express a range of ideas, maintain interest and respond to the issues raised. 3 Sound A fair level of interest and ideas. May concentrate on a single issue, but there is still a response to ideas in the text. 2 Below average Limited range of ideas; rather humdrum. May disregard the element of response to the text, and write a largely unrelated free-composition. 0–1 Poor Few ideas to offer on the theme. Banal and pedestrian. No element of personal response to the text. Repeated error. 5

8681/22 Cambridge International AS Level – Mark Scheme PUBLISHED October/November 2018 © UCLES 2018 Page 20 of 20 Quality of Language – Accuracy [5] 5 Very good Consistently accurate. Only very few errors of minor significance. Accurate use of more complex structures (verb forms, tenses, prepositions, word order). 4 Good Higher incidence of error than above, but clearly has a sound grasp of the grammatical elements in spite of lapses. Some capacity to use accurately more complex structures. 3 Sound Fair level of accuracy. Common tenses and regular verbs mostly correctly formed. Some problems in forming correct agreement of adjectives. Difficulty with irregular verbs, use of prepositions. 2 Below average Persistent errors in tense and verb forms. Prepositions frequently incorrect. Recurrent errors in agreement of adjectives. 0–1 Poor Little or no evidence of grammatical awareness. Most constructions incomplete or incorrect. Consistent and repeated error.